What's the difference between copy and null?

Copy


Definition:

  • (n.) An abundance or plenty of anything.
  • (n.) An imitation, transcript, or reproduction of an original work; as, a copy of a letter, an engraving, a painting, or a statue.
  • (n.) An individual book, or a single set of books containing the works of an author; as, a copy of the Bible; a copy of the works of Addison.
  • (n.) That which is to be imitated, transcribed, or reproduced; a pattern, model, or example; as, his virtues are an excellent copy for imitation.
  • (n.) Manuscript or printed matter to be set up in type; as, the printers are calling for more copy.
  • (n.) A writing paper of a particular size. Same as Bastard. See under Paper.
  • (n.) Copyhold; tenure; lease.
  • (n.) To make a copy or copies of; to write; print, engrave, or paint after an original; to duplicate; to reproduce; to transcribe; as, to copy a manuscript, inscription, design, painting, etc.; -- often with out, sometimes with off.
  • (n.) To imitate; to attempt to resemble, as in manners or course of life.
  • (v. i.) To make a copy or copies; to imitate.
  • (v. i.) To yield a duplicate or transcript; as, the letter did not copy well.

Example Sentences:

  • (1) When micF was cloned into a high-copy-number plasmid it repressed ompF gene expression, whereas when cloned into a low-copy-number plasmid it did not.
  • (2) On removal of selective pressure, the His+ phenotype was lost more readily than the Ura+ Trp+ markers, with a corresponding decrease in plasmid copy number.
  • (3) We have generated a series of mutants in the two copies of this motif present in human immunodeficiency virus type 1.
  • (4) The v-erb A oncogene of avian erythroblastosis virus is a mutated and virally transduced copy of a host cell gene encoding a thyroid hormone receptor.
  • (5) The fact that the security service was in possession of and retained the copy tape until the early summer of 1985 and did not bring it to the attention of Mr Stalker is wholly reprehensible,” he wrote.
  • (6) A method for constructing Ti plasmids bearing multiple copies of a sequence integrated in tandem is described.
  • (7) Overexpression of asparagine synthetase in beta-aspartyl hydroxamate-resistant lines without amplified copies of the gene was also correlated with DNA hypomethylation.
  • (8) This 54-bp fragment is present at about 2000-2500 copies in the bovine male genome.
  • (9) Construction of a repR-lacZ fusion proved that the increase in copy number was due to a proportional increase in the amount of RepR protein.
  • (10) The E2A mutants were propagated by growth in human cell lines which express an integrated copy of the DBP gene under the control of a dexamethasone-inducible promoter (D. F. Klessig, D. E. Brough, and V. Cleghon, Mol.
  • (11) The fusion was prepared in multicopy (pVLN102 plasmid) and low-copy-number states, the latter constructed as a lambda phage lysogen carrying a fur'-'lacZ insert.
  • (12) An expanded version of this paper, containing full experimental details of the semisynthesis and characterization of [GlyA1-3H]insulin, has been deposited as Supplementary Publication SUP 50129 (30 pages) at the British Library (Lending Division), Boston Spa, Wetherby, West Yorkshire LS23 7BQ, U.K., from whom copies can be obtained on the terms indicated in Biochem.
  • (13) All 51 undifferentiated NPCs contained significant numbers of EBV-genome copies per cell.
  • (14) By way of encouragement we've got 10 copies of Faber's smart new anniversary edition to give away.
  • (15) Programmed gene rearrangements are used in nature to to alter gene copy number (gene amplification and deletion), to create diversity by reassorting gene segments (as in the formation of mammalian immunoglobulin genes), or to control the expression of a set of genes that code for the same function (such as surface antigens).
  • (16) All three units are present in the same, probably single, copy number.
  • (17) Some derivatives of pIJ101, a 8.9 kb Streptomyces multi-copy plasmid, can co-exist with each other at similar copy numbers but others are strongly incompatible.
  • (18) Genomic southern hybridization experiments clearly indicate that the ribosomal RNA genes are unique single-copy DNA in H. cutirubrum.
  • (19) We demonstrate here that this transporter is encoded by a single family of tandemly clustered genes containing approximately 8 copies of the 3.6 kilobase repeat unit.
  • (20) There are approximately 20 copies of Tc1(Hin) amongst the Tc1's present in the Bergerac genome.

Null


Definition:

  • (a.) Of no legal or binding force or validity; of no efficacy; invalid; void; nugatory; useless.
  • (n.) Something that has no force or meaning.
  • (n.) That which has no value; a cipher; zero.
  • (v. t.) To annul.
  • (n.) One of the beads in nulled work.

Example Sentences:

  • (1) Measurements of acetylcholine-induced single-channel conductance and null potentials at the amphibian motor end-plate in solutions containing Na, K, Li and Cs ions (Gage & Van Helden, 1979; J. Physiol.
  • (2) DR(+) cells, however, showed no change in percentage and a lesser drop in absolute numbers, suggesting an increase with advancing disease of DR(+), Ig(-) null cells, which may represent immature B cell precursors.
  • (3) In this report we describe an improvement upon the design by Stanton and Lightfoot for a simple photographic null method to determine the kVp of a diagnostic region x-ray source.
  • (4) At least two (Rh null and the McLeod type) are responsible for congenital hemolytic disorders.
  • (5) (2) Sequences of brightness steps of like polarity (either increments or decrements) elicit positive and negative motion-dependent response components when mimicking motion in the cell's preferred and null direction, respectively.
  • (6) The analysis also involved statistical tests of a modified null hypothesis, the generation of confidence intervals (CIs) and a meta-analysis.
  • (7) The null potential of both responses became more and less negative with a decrease and an increase, respectively, in the extracellular potassium concentration.
  • (8) The null mutation of algR was generated in a mucoid derivative of the standard genetic strain PAO responsive to different environmental factors.
  • (9) Endoneurial fluid pressure (EFP) was recorded by an active, servo-null pressure system after a glass micropipette was inserted into rat sciatic nerve undergoing wallerian degeneration.
  • (10) In thymo-deprived mice (nude mice and B mice) the percentage of null cells increases during the stage of regeneration, and B mice develop a large number of Ig +-bearing cells.
  • (11) Alkaline phosphatase activity was elevated in the lymphocytes from T-CLL, cord blood and tonsils and the blast cells from Null-ALL.
  • (12) Analysis of ldlA cells has identified three classes of mutant alleles at the ldlA locus: null alleles, alleles that code for normally processed receptors that cannot bind LDL, and alleles that code for abnormally processed receptors.
  • (13) Putative null sup-38 mutations cause maternal-effect lethality which is rescued by a wild-type copy of the locus in the zygote.
  • (14) Null cells of patients with hypoplastic anemia did not produce erythroid colonies under any culture conditions.
  • (15) Comparison of simulated versus actual inheritance data demonstrates that the so-called null structural alleles actually produce functional globins.--The genetic controls in Peromyscus may be analogous to those in primates.
  • (16) A null zone and associated sudden phase-reversal of RSA were observed in stratum lucidum of CA3.
  • (17) When the stimulus is placed at a position approximately 80 degrees dorsal to the eye axis, there is no response; this area is called the null region.
  • (18) Northern blot analysis showed that Adh-1 mRNA was synthesized at wild-type levels in immature seeds of the null mutant, but dropped to 25% in mature seeds.
  • (19) Two tumours were null cell adenomas with PIs less than 0.1 and 0.2%.
  • (20) Thus this methodology offers the potential to study naturally occurring ADH electromorphs and null alleles independent of enzymatic activity assays.