(n.) Any one of three metameric substances, CH3.C6H4.OH, homologous with and resembling phenol. They are obtained from coal tar and wood tar, and are colorless, oily liquids or solids. [Called also cresylic acid.]
Example Sentences:
(1) A low-toxic dose of o-cresol (Img) abruptly activates the effect of the same dose of BP (1 mg) according to all parameters (increase of the frequency, coefficient of multiplicity and degree of malignancy of tumours, shortening of the latency period) and somewhat inhibits its activity when administered before or after BP.
(2) The compounds were: anisole, rho-cresol, butylated hydroxytoluene, butylated hydroxyanisole, 2-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol,2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-nitrosophenol and rho-methoxyphenol.
(3) Other analogs, m-cresol, m-ethylphenol, 4-ethylresorcinol, and phloroglucinol, mimic orcinol as effectors, in that they (a) accelerate electron flow from NADH to the flavin and (b) decrease the apparent K-m for NADH but not to the same extent as the substrates that are hydroxylated.
(4) The m-xylene-adapted microorganisms in the aquifer column degraded toluene, benzaldehyde, benzoate, m-toluylaldehyde, m-toluate, m-cresol, p-cresol, and p-hydroxybenzoate but were unable to metabolize benzene, naphthalene, methylcyclohexane, and 1,3-dimethylcyclohexane.
(5) When applied as diagnostic tests for the stagnant loop syndrome, the phenol excretion showed 2 false negative results, the p-cresol excretion 3 false negative and 2 false positive results, and the indican excretion 6 false positive results.
(6) Oxidation of the methyl group to 4-OH-benzaldehyde was catalyzed by p-cresol methylhydroxylase.
(7) In support of the formation of these metabolites, it has been demonstrated that phenobarbital induced rat liver microsomes readily convert 4-methyl-2-cyclohexenone (V) to 4-hydroxy-4-methyl-2-cyclohexenone (VII) and p-cresol (VIII) in the presence of NADPH and O2.
(8) The ring-fission product of catechol was formed from phenol by a fluorescent Pseudomonas, that of 3-methylcatechol was formed from o-cresol and m-cresol, and the ring-fission product of 4-methylcatechol was given from p-cresol.
(9) The separated flavoprotein subunit shows only 2% of the catalytic activity of the original enzyme on p-cresol and is characterized by converging lines in bisubstrate kinetic analysis, while the intact and reconstituted enzymes show parallel line kinetics in steady-state experiments.
(10) The Km for p=cresol 3.6 micron and for p=hydroxybenzyl alcohol, 15 micron.
(11) An additional metabolite, alpha, alpha, alpha-trifluoro-amino-5-nitro-p-cresol (G), accounts for 27% of urine 14C.
(12) Both hippuricuria and o-cresoluria end-of-work-shift values, corrected for creatinine and specific gravity, were significantly related to the mean daily environmental concentration of toluene, the correlation being weaker for o-cresol.
(13) It was concluded, therefore, that metabolically derived cresols are plausible candidates for the neuroexcitatory properties of toluene.
(14) An amperometric biosensor for determination of phenol, cresol, benzoate and 2-methyl-4-chlorophenol using Rhodococcus-cells and enzyme extracts of Rhodococcus has been developed.
(15) p-Cresol may therefore prove more sensitive than indican as an indicator of altered microbial metabolism due to saccharin.
(16) (+)-2,5-Dihydro-4-methyl- and (+)-2,5-dihydro-2-methyl-5-oxo-furan-2-acetic acid were formed in high yield as dead-end catabolites from cooxidation of cresoles.
(17) Phenol and m-cresol were inducers of meta pathway enzymatic activity.
(18) Gas-phase deuterium exchange studies (employing N2H3-DCI MS) of the isolated phenylthiohydantoin (Pth) derivatives of modified residue 13 demonstrate that p-cresol forms two chemically distinct covalent adducts and support the hypothesis that a (4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl radical is generated during catalysis.
(19) In the 4-chloro-m-cresol group, a slight elevation of erythrocytic porphyrins was seen, but the difference was not statistically significant.
(20) Ridgeback prawns formed beta-D-glucosides in small quantities, preferring conjugation of p-nitrophenol and 4-nitro-m-cresol to form sulphates and unknown conjugates through a unique conjugation pathway.
Phenol
Definition:
(n.) A white or pinkish crystalline substance, C6H5OH, produced by the destructive distillation of many organic bodies, as wood, coal, etc., and obtained from the heavy oil from coal tar.
(n.) Any one of the series of hydroxyl derivatives of which phenol proper is the type.
Example Sentences:
(1) The teeth were embedded in phenolic rings with acrylic resin.
(2) The presence of the expected C19 neutral and C18 phenolic steroids was confirmed.
(3) The effect of mycobacterial phenolic glycolipids from Mycobacterium leprae, M. bovis BCG, and M. kansasii on in vitro proliferative responses by human blood mononuclear cells from healthy BCG vaccinees was investigated.
(4) The chemistry involved reaction rate constant measurements of MSF hydrolysis and for reactions with phenolic, amine, oxime, hydroxamic acid, phenyl N-hydroxycarbamate, and hydroxylamine compounds and cupric imidazole and bipyridyl complexes.
(5) In the liver, the major site of benzene metabolism, benzene is converted by a cytochrome P-450-mediated pathway to phenol, the major metabolite, and the secondary metabolites, hydroquinone and catechol.
(6) Except in the case of the phenolic metabolite, structures were confirmed by direct comparison of electron impact mass spectra and chromatographic behaviour with those of authentic samples.
(7) It may be concluded that phenolization of the sympathetic nervous system provides the same results as surgical sympathectomy but has the advantage of lower morbidity and shorter hospitalization (24 h vs 10 days).
(8) It was hypothesized that the observed activity variation of the paracetamol analogues was based on the relative abilities of these compounds to undergo H atom loss at the phenolic oxygen, and on the relative stabilities of the resulting free-radical species.
(9) Lipopolysaccharide content correlated significantly with drug uptake and sensitivity, and it appeared to determine the degree of penetration of the cell envelope by these chlorinated phenols.
(10) Liberation of the polysaccharides from the carrier by treatment with aqueous phenol resulted in loss of the serological activity.
(11) Here we report that phenol hydroxylation to hydroquinone is also catalyzed by human myeloperoxidase in the presence of a superoxide anion radical generating system, hypoxanthine and xanthine oxidase.
(12) The 2-substituted phenoxy-6-methoxy-8-aminoquinolines (4-6) were afforded by reduction of the corresponding 8-nitroquinolines (1-3) which were obtained by condensation of 2-chloro-6-methoxy-8-nitroquinoline and substituted phenols.
(13) This report reviews the treatment of pilonidal sinus by phenol injection in 54 patients.
(14) One group of rats was made immunocompetent towards P. aeruginosa by intraperitoneal injection of phenol-killed P. aeruginosa while a second group remained naive to this organism.
(15) These data indicate that the phenolic hydroxyl groups of xanthomegnin might contribute to its uncoupling action on the oxidative phosphorylation of mitochondria.
(16) The coupled dienone-phenol re-arrangement and keto-enol tautomerism of this quinone methide produce the observed 3,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde.
(17) The phenol metabolites benzoquinone and 1,2,4-benzenetriol both activated the glutathione transferase in microsomes 2-fold independently of added NADPH.
(18) The isolation of plant enzymes is frequently hampered by the presence of phenolic compounds, pigments and mucilages.
(19) An enzyme (EC 2.8.2.1) that catalyses the transfer of sulphate from adenosine 3'-phosphate 5'-sulphatophosphate to phenols was purified approx.
(20) Physico-chemical parameters of membranes of skeletal muscles' sarcoplasmic reticulum in antioxidant insufficiency, which was modelled by excluding alpha-tocopherol from the animals ration, and after treatment with phenol antioxidant ionol were studied.