(n.) That portion of food which is brought up into the mouth by ruminating animals from their first stomach, to be chewed a second time.
(n.) A portion of tobacco held in the mouth and chewed; a quid.
(n.) The first stomach of ruminating beasts.
Example Sentences:
(1) The reasons for this are discussed in terms of a mechanism in which all electrons enter through cytochrome a, which, in turn, is in rapid equilibrium with a second site, identified with 'visible' copper (830 nm-absorbing) Cud (Beinert et al., 1971).
(2) Neither stimulus light intensity nor eccentricity affected the CUD in the normals, in 1 of the commissurotomized patients, and in the acallosal boy.
(3) The results showed the MDP- and DTPA-CUDs stored at -18 degrees C retained the properties which resulted in acceptable radiochemical purity and biodistribution in mice for as long as 30 days.
(4) The purpose of this study was to examine, by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), the nature of the protective effect of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) on hearts of copper-deficient (CuD) rats.
(5) After either one or two days of storage at -10 degrees C, four CUDs of each concentration were labeled with 0.2-0.3 mL of sodium pertechnetate Tc 99m (10-20 mCi).
(6) Cumulative [14C]cholesterol absorption and total lymphatic output of cholesterol were significantly decreased in CuD at 4 hr and thereafter, with no change in percentage distribution of free and esterified cholesterol.
(7) Purity was less than 80% for CUDs stored for more than two days.
(8) Male, weanling Sprague-Dawley rats were fed diets deficient (CuD, less than 0.5 ppm) or adequate (CuA, 5.0-5.5 ppm) in Cu for 4 weeks.
(9) They exhibit natural behaviours – they chew the cud, socialise, groom each other.” “It’s a perception that cows need to gambol in fields,” he said.
(10) Patients with parietal lesions had still longer CUDs, 37 msec on the average.
(11) The CUDs of 2 commissurotomized patients varied with stimulus eccentricity but not intensity.
(12) Over an 8-hr period, 7.3% of the dose was absorbed by CuD and 9.2% by CuA.
(13) The radiochemical purity of CUDs labeled with 2.0 mL of sodium pertechnetate Tc 99m was significantly greater than the purity of CUDs labeled with 0.2 mL for storage times exceeding two days.
(14) cytochrome a and Cud) were reduced simultaneously and the stoicheiometry of the initial reaction was closer to two molecules of cytochrome c2+ oxidized per molecule of cytochrome a reduced.
(15) Male, weanling Sprague-Dawley rats were fed either a purified diet which was deficient in copper (CuD) or the same diet made sufficient with 5 ppm of copper (CuS).
(16) Aminopeptidase N activity was 35% lower in CuD rats than controls, but activity was not affected by cis-Pt.
(17) In our patients the mean CUD, expressed as the difference between contralateral and ipsilateral responses, was 20 msec.
(18) Four leaders were arrested on 1 November and this was the first time Hailu Shawel, the CUD leader, had been able to speak publicly since his detention.
(19) The CUDs in these subjects are attributed to the transfer of nonsensory information via the corpus callosum, via ipsilateral corticospinal tracts, and via the anterior commissure or ipsilateral motor pathways, respectively.
(20) The CUDs of lower dilution (3 mL) appeared to be more stable than the CUDs of higher dilution (10 mL).
Rumination
Definition:
(n.) The act or process of ruminating, or chewing the cud; the habit of chewing the cud.
(n.) The state of being disposed to ruminate or ponder; deliberate meditation or reflection.
(n.) The regurgitation of food from the stomach after it has been swallowed, -- occasionally observed as a morbid phenomenon in man.
Example Sentences:
(1) The data suggest that major differences may exist between ruminants and non-ruminants in the response of liver metabolism both to lactation per se and to the effects of growth hormone and insulin.
(2) In the clinical trials in which there was complete substitution of fat-modified ruminant foods for conventional ruminant products the fall in serum cholesterol was approximately 10%.
(3) The different hydrolytic, fermentative and methanogenic activities of these populations ensure the efficient degradation of cell wall constituent in forages (cellulose, hemicellulose, pectin) ingested by ruminants.
(4) Ruminal digestion (% of intake) of neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and hemicellulose decreased linearly (P less than .05), whereas acid detergent fiber (ADF) digestion responded in a cubic (P less than .05) fashion to increasing concentrate level; NaHCO3 improved ruminal digestion of NDF (P less than .10) and ADF (P less than .05), but not hemicellulose.
(5) The results of these trials suggest that increasing level of dietary NaHCO3 greatly increases the proportion of time ruminal pH is above critical levels for ruminal protein and dry matter digestion, but does not affect total tract nutrient digestion when 50% concentrate diets are fed.
(6) Extents of in situ ruminal digestion (72 h residue) for NDF, hemicellulose and cellulose were lower (P less than .05) for full-head than for late-boot-stage bromegrass.
(7) Consistent with the convergence hypothesis, only those sites that specify amino acids in the mature lysozyme are shared uniquely with ruminant lysozyme genes.
(8) Each of the primary stress selected isolates was tested in synthetic saliva, rumen fluid simulating the activity in the rumen, rumen fluid followed by pepsin-hydrochloric acid treatment simulating the additional effect of ruminal and abomasal activity, pepsin-hydrochloric acid solution simulating conditions in the abomasum and finally in a trypsin solution as an example of enzyme activity in the gut.
(9) It follows from the results that the effectiveness of some antifasciolics on laboratory animals need not always be in correlation with their effect in ruminants - hence it is necessary to verify the results obtained in laboratory animals and to check them on natural F. hepatica hosts.
(10) Ruminal lactate concentrations were variable within and among treatments.
(11) Data from the literature on the clinical effects of bacterial endotoxins in ruminants are reviewed.
(12) The strains of BTV serotype 11 were mild in their pathogenicity for the ruminants as no clinical signs of disease were seen.
(13) On defaunation of the rumen to remove ciliated protozoa the concentration of phosphatidylcholine in ruminal digesta falls markedly and becomes lower than that in abomasal digesta.
(14) The effect of ubiquitous clostridial infections on ruminants is discussed.
(15) Rauschia gen. nov. (type species: R. triangularis) is created for species previously pertaining to Nematodirus parasite of Lagomorpha, and in which the synlophe, very complex, differs from the synlophe of the parasite of Ruminants.
(16) When the rate of ruminal epithelial cell proliferation was measured on the basis of 3H-thymidine incorporation into the cellular DNA, butyrate dose-dependently reduced 3H-thymidine incorporation.
(17) Ruminal ammonia, molar percentage butyrate, and blood ketones, plasma urea N, and plasma molar percentage butyrate were lower when hay was fed.
(18) Breakdown of LP by rumination was calculated from the weight of total particles regurgitated and the proportion of LP in the regurgitated and swallowed remasticated material.
(19) Single doses of (15NH4)2SO4 were infused into ruminal pools to determine N kinetics.
(20) Nickel did not alter methane production, carcass characteristics or ruminal volatile fatty acid proportions.