(1) Seminiferous epithelium in adult rats was studied by light and electron microscopy after 5 weeks of chronic administration of GnRH antagonist (Ac-D2 Nal 1, D4ClPhe 2, DTrp 3, DArg 6, DAla 10; GnRH code-103-289-10, National Institutes of Health, USA).
(2) The pattern of divergent transcription of the argEC BH cluster of genes previously demonstrated by the hybridization of RNA to the separated strand of a phi 80 darg transducing phage, is confirmed with the DNA of a set of different lambdadarg phages.
(3) In semi-thin preparations of rat testis treated with GnRH antagonist (Ac-D2Nal 1, D4ClPhe 2, DTrp 3, DArg 6, DAla 10; GnRH code- 103-289-10, National Institutes of Health, USA) for a period of 5 weeks, Leydig cells showed a reduction of 18% in the mean nuclear area as compared to the controls.
(4) Six adult ovariectomized rhesus macaques were given a gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonist [Ac-beta-(2)DNAL,pFDPhe,DTrp,DArg]-GnRH, by intravenous infusion for 3 to 3.5 days to determine whether the positive feedback action of estradiol benzoate (E2B) on pituitary luteinizing hormone (LH) secretion could be inhibited by blockage of GnRH binding to pituitary gonadotropes.
(5) NPC 567 (DArg[Hyp3,DPhe7]-bradykinin), a B2 receptor antagonist, had no effect on bradykinin-induced 45Ca2+ efflux, but abolished prostaglandin synthesis.
(6) Both collagenases split bonds Gln-Gly and Leu-Gly in synthetic peptides DNP-Pro-Gln-Gly-Ile-Ala-Gly-Gln-DArg-OH and DNP-Pro-Leu-Gly-Ile-Ala-Gly-DArg-NH2, respectively.
(7) The effect of bradykinin was suppressed by the competitive kinin antagonist [DArg,Hyp3,Thi5,8,DPhe7]bradykinin.
(8) To examine the role of intrarenal kinins in deoxycorticosterone acetate-salt-treated rats, which have high renal kallikrein, Fab fragments of antibradykinin antibody or DArg[Hyp3Thi5,8DPhe7]bradykinin, a kinin antagonist, were used to block kinins.
(9) DArg[Hyp3,Gly6,Leu8]BK showed high affinity on Rb.J.V.
(10) Two new B1 receptor antagonists, [Hyp3,Thi5,DTic7,Oic8]desArg9-BK and DArg[Hyp3,Thi5,DTic7,Oic8]desArg9-BK were tested in vitro on the rabbit jugular vein and the guinea pig ileum (preparations containing B2 receptors) and on the rabbit aorta (preparation containing B1 receptors) for pharmacological characterization.
(11) In an amidolytic assay, the Ki values for the inhibition of human urinary kallikrein were 0.5, 0.3, and 2.5 microM for B4307 (DArg-Arg-Pro-Hyp-Gly-Thi-Ser-DPhe-Thi-Arg), B4308 (Lys-Lys-Arg-Hyp-Hyp-Gly-Thi-Ser-DPhe-Thi-Arg) and B3852 (Arg-Pro-Hyp-Gly-Phe-Ser-DPhe-Phe-Arg), respectively.
(12) Heteroduplex DNA mapping of these lumbdadarg and of the phi 80 darg isolated by B. Konrad indicates that the two kinds of phages carry the arg cluster in opposite orientations, a situation favorable for the isolation of argECBH DNA.
(13) DArg[Hyp3,DPhe7,Leu8]-BK showed pA2 values of 8.86 on Rb.J.V., but only 6.77 on G.P.I.
(14) In this study, we have used the potent, specific bradykinin antagonist DArg[Hyp3DPhe7] bradykinin (NPC 567) as a probe to examine the role of bradykinin in carrageenan-induced edema in the paws of rats.
(15) In a second group of rats pretreated with a B2 kinin receptor antagonist, [DArg Hyp3, Thi5,8 D Phe7]bradykinin, AA infusion raised urinary kinins identically as in untreated controls, but GFR and RPF responses were absent.
(16) [Arg1(Tos),Hyp3,Thi5,DTic7,Oic8]-BK and DArg[Hyp3,Thi5,DTic7,Oic8]-BK showed almost similar pA2 values on both Rb.J.V.
(17) The length (in kilobases, kb) of the segments, determined by electron microscopy and ararose gel electrophoresis is 4.2, 7.5, 8.4, 6.2, 6.9, and 6.4 kb for gamma darg13; 13.0, 7.5, 4.7, 6.2, 6.9, and 6.4 kb for gamma darg 14: and 5.3, 11.0, 4.7, 6.2, 6.9, and 6.4 kb for gamma darg23.
(18) The Ki values for B4307 (DArg-Arg-Pro-Hyp-Gly-Thi-Ser-DPhe-Thi-Arg), B4308 (Lys-Lys-Arg-Hyp-Hyp-Gly-Thi-Ser-DPhe-Thi-Arg), and B3852 (Arg-Pro-Hyp-Gly-Phe-Ser-DPhe-Phe-Arg) are 0.5, 0.3 and 2.5 microM, respectively.
(19) Two novel analogs of bradykinin (BK), [DAla7]-BK and DArg-BK, exhibited a dissociation of smooth muscle activities toward higher potency on the uterus than on the ileum, in spite of increased metabolic stability to pulmonary enzymatic breakdown in the rat blood pressure assay.
(20) The bradykinin analogs [desArg9,Leu8]BK and DArg[Hyp3,DPhe7]BK have been reported to have antagonist activity at the B1 and B2 bradykinin receptors in smooth muscle, respectively.
Dark
Definition:
(a.) Destitute, or partially destitute, of light; not receiving, reflecting, or radiating light; wholly or partially black, or of some deep shade of color; not light-colored; as, a dark room; a dark day; dark cloth; dark paint; a dark complexion.
(a.) Not clear to the understanding; not easily seen through; obscure; mysterious; hidden.
(a.) Destitute of knowledge and culture; in moral or intellectual darkness; unrefined; ignorant.
(a.) Evincing black or foul traits of character; vile; wicked; atrocious; as, a dark villain; a dark deed.
(n.) Absence of light; darkness; obscurity; a place where there is little or no light.
(n.) The condition of ignorance; gloom; secrecy.
(n.) A dark shade or dark passage in a painting, engraving, or the like; as, the light and darks are well contrasted.
(v. t.) To darken to obscure.
Example Sentences:
(1) And that, as much as the “on water, operational” considerations, is why we are being kept in the dark.
(2) The first group was reared in complete darkness while the second one was subjected to permanent noise.
(3) In the dark the 6-azidoflavoproteins are quite stable, except for L-lactate oxidase, where spontaneous conversion to the 6-amino-FMN enzyme occurs slowly at pH 7.
(4) Most notably, retroperitoneal lymph nodes in rabbits remained dark blue up to 28 days after hindlimb endolymphatic instillation of liposomal patent blue.
(5) In the dark cortical zone of the nodes (III group) there occur tissue basophils (mast cells), that, together with increasing number of acidophilic granulocytes and appearance of neutrophilic cells, demonstrates that there is an inflammatory reaction in the organ studied as a response to the lymphocytic suspension injected.
(6) Urinalysis revealed a low pH, increased ketones and bilirubin excretion, dark yellowish change in color, the appearance of "leaflet-shaped" crystals and increased red blood cells and epithelial cells in the urinary sediment, increased water intake, decreased specific gravity and decreased sodium, potassium and chloride in the urine.
(7) We were searching for spontaneous and positional nystagmus in 5 positions with open eyes in darkness and with closed eyes.
(8) Previous FTIR measurements have identified several tyrosine residues that change their absorption characteristics between light-adapted BR and dark-adapted BR, or between intermediates K and M [Dollinger, G., Eisenstein, L., Lin, S.-L., Nakanishi, K., Odashima, K., & Termini, J.
(9) Steady state levels of chloroplast mRNA encoding the core PSII polypeptides remain nearly constant in the light or the dark and are not affected by the developmental stage of the plastid.
(10) The second triplet, which was stable in the dark at 4.2 K following illumination, was assigned to the radical pair Donor+I-.
(11) The results indicate that CRALBP X 11-cis-retinol is sufficiently stereoselective in its binding properties to warrant consideration as a component of the mechanism for the generation of 11-cis-retinaldehyde in the dark.
(12) Although the Ca2+-independent mechanism accounts for about two thirds of the total acetylcholine release in the dark, the amount of acetylcholine released in this way is small compared with the release of acetylcholine triggered by stimulation of the retina with light.
(13) The extracellular concentration of GABA is probably high in prolonged darkness, and it is low after prolonged light exposure.
(14) In lettuce, the presence of 2,4-D in the light lowered the concentration of total Hg (or MeHg) required to reduce growth by 50%, about 13 times relative to that in the dark (i.e., it sensitized the cells).
(15) This suggests that many retinal ganglion cells continue to discharge in total darkness for long periods.
(16) In darkness, raising the concentration of K in the fluid of perfusion gives an increase of the efflux of (86)Rb and increasing the extracellular concentration of Ca yields a retention.
(17) Upon illumination, a dark-adapted photosynthetic sample shows time-dependent changes in chlorophyll (Chl) a fluorescence yield, known as the Kautsky phenomenon or the OIDPS transient.
(18) One elderly woman was left alone in the dark for hours unable to find food or drink.
(19) These observations indicated a novel mechanism that in the absence of light-dark schedule, mothers taught the circadian rhythm to the pups as they raised them.
(20) It was observed that the circadian rhythm was disrupted by injections of lithium at the beginning of the light as well as the dark phase of the LD cycle.