(n.) A translucent, gummy, amorphous substance, nearly tasteless and odorless, used as a substitute for gum, for sizing, etc., and obtained from starch by the action of heat, acids, or diastase. It is of somewhat variable composition, containing several carbohydrates which change easily to their respective varieties of sugar. It is so named from its rotating the plane of polarization to the right; -- called also British gum, Alsace gum, gommelin, leiocome, etc. See Achroodextrin, and Erythrodextrin.
Example Sentences:
(1) The restricted substrate specificity indicated the assignment of the enzyme to be an oligo-1,6-glucosidase (dextrin 6-alpha-glucanohydrolase; EC 3.2.1.10), but it was suggested that it could be a new type of oligo-1,6-glucosidase on the basis of its action on a series of (1----4)-alpha-malto-oligosaccharides.
(2) After immunochemical analyses carried out in agarose gel, alpha-amylase characterization was performed by using beta-limit dextrin followed by iodine staining.
(3) These enzymes are produced in media containing starch or dextrins.
(4) During balance periods of 3 days, while the infants were receiving known dietary quantities of the starch to be tested, the fecal content of lactic acid, glucose, dextrins, and starch was measured.
(5) Addition of Tris to the assay inhibited enzyme activity in fibroblast homogenates of the patients and of controls to the same extent and had no effect on the distribution of the label between supernatant and limit dextrin after beta-amylolysis of the labeled glycogen.
(6) Tissues of treated animals demonstrated ethanol-induced decreases of roughly one-half those of the maltose dextrin (isocaloric) and water (fluid control) groups.
(7) Also the enzyme acted on beta-limit dextrins of amylopectin and glycogen to form branched oligosaccharides.
(8) The renal toxicity of the Schardinger dextrins, alpha and beta-cyclodextrin, is manifested as a series of alterations in the vacuolar organelles of the proximal convoluted tubule.
(9) B6D2F1 mice were paid-fed liquid diets containing either 25% ethanol-derived calories or an isocaloric amount of maltose-dextrin on days 12 to 17 of gestation.
(10) We had earlier shown that linear dextrin chains display amphiphilic properties, since all the hydroxyl groups are disposed on one side or face of the chain and the hydrogens disposed on the other.
(11) In the present study, female Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three groups each fed Wayne Rodent-Blox ad libitum or Lieber-DeCarli diet with 36% of maltose dextrin calories replaced with ethanol ad libitum, or isocaloric amounts of liquid diet for a period of 21 months resulting in changes of chronic pancreatitis in ethanol-fed rats.
(12) From the digest of beta-limit dextrin (prepared from glutinous rice starch) with saccharifying alpha-amylase of Bacillus subtilis [EC 3.2.1.1] (BSA), two extensibely branched dextrins consisting of nine (No.
(13) The low-fiber diet consisted of milk, glucose, and dextrins in liquid formula form, the high-fiber diet was composed of starchy foods.
(14) The enzyme had a very low but significant activity on pullulan and on alpha-dextrins having maltosyl side-chains.
(15) After the exhaustive exercise and taking a muscle biopsy the subjects either exercised at 40% Wmax for 3 h (trial A) or rested for 3 h (trial B), during which they consumed approximately 2 l of a 25% malto-dextrine drink in both trials.
(16) Satisfactory recoveries were obtained only with mA agar (Rippey & Cabelli) and dextrin-fuchsin-sulphite agar (Schubert), but neither was sufficiently selective.
(17) Male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed either a liquid diet containing 5% ethanol or an identical volume of diet made isocaloric with maltose-dextrin (pair-fed controls).
(18) Glycogen beta-limit dextrin and amylopectin were more slowly hydrolysed, the detection of the hydrolysis of amylopectin being dependent on enzyme concentration.
(19) To further investigate carbohydrate satiety in the Zucker rat, the short-term feeding behavior of obese and lean rats was observed following intragastric infusions (7.2 kcal in 10 ml) of corn starch and the starch hydrolysates Polycose and dextrin.
(20) A coculture system containing S. ruminantium as a dextrin-utilizing species and each of the three amylolytic bacteria was developed to test whether the products of starch hydrolysis were available for crossfeeding to another ruminal bacterium.
Polymer
Definition:
(n.) Any one of two or more substances related to each other by polymerism; specifically, a substance produced from another substance by chemical polymerization.
Example Sentences:
(1) Five days later, the animals were randomly assigned to one of four treatment groups: Group 1 received intracranial implantation of controlled-release polymers containing dexamethasone; Group 2 received intraperitoneal implantation of controlled-release polymers containing dexamethasone; Group 3 received serial intraperitoneal injections of dexamethasone; and Group 4 received sham treatment.
(2) In spite of important differences in size, chemical composition, polymer density, and configuration, biological macromolecules indeed manifest some of the essential physical-chemical properties of gels.
(3) The acetonitrile extract is concentrated and analyzed by HPLC, using a new polymer-based column, and detected by UV spectroscopy at 270 nm.
(4) These results suggest that glomerular IgA are IgA polymers and decreased hepatic clearance of hepatic IgA polymers may be responsible for the glomerular deposition of IgA.
(5) A method for the introduction of side chains containing isonitrile (isocyanide, functional group) on the backbone of polysaccharides and other hydroxylic polymers was developed.
(6) He knows polymer notes from travels in Australia, where they were first introduced in 1988, and he wants Britain to "move with the times" too.
(7) Poly(ortho ester) bioerodible polymers are suitable materials for the topical administration of a wide variety of therapeutic agents; varying the nature and amounts of excipients physically incorporated into the polymer will vary the erosion rates from a few hours to many months.
(8) By performing countercurrent distribution in the presence of a polymer-ligand, the protein that binds the polymer-ligand can be separated from a heterogenous mixture.
(9) Pulse labeling of the polymer with [2-3H]adenosine was also maximal at the same time points.
(10) Charged polymers, known to alter cell surface characteristics, reversibly inhibit the intercellular communication required in kidney tubule induction.
(11) A novel type of ion exchanger was prepared by multipoint covalent binding of polystyrene chains onto the surface of porous silica followed by polymer-analogous modification of the bonded layer.
(12) Another 52 received a 100-g (nonfasting) glucose polymer screening test followed by a 100-g glucose polymer tolerance test.
(13) The important role of the exocellular polymers for the structure, size and density of flocs can be well illustrated.
(14) A small number of children with protracted diarrhoea, who have severe mucosal injury may not be able to handle even starch and may require diets based on short chain glucose polymers.
(15) Rather, assembly of sIgM into polymers and their subsequent secretion are prevented in B lymphocytes by preceding targeting of monomeric sIgM to degradation.
(16) The neutral polymer was devoid of type 6 activity although it was serologically active.
(17) The tissue reaction was more severe for polymers having a higher rate of degradation.
(18) Control experiments with other constructs (e.g., allopurinol riboside linked to the mannose-free polymer) confirmed that the enhancement of activity was indeed achieved by means of the mannose homing device.
(19) Of the tested polymers, only polyvinyl methylacetamide and dextran inhibit a decrease in the level of mitochondrial enzyme activity which develops with administration of endotoxin.
(20) At different degrees of DNA damage, the average length of the poly-ADP-ribose chain did not practically alter, thus suggesting the increase in the number of polymer binding sites in the histones.