(n.) A fruit consisting of pulpy, coriaceous, or fibrous exocarp, without valves, containing a nut or stone with a kernel. The exocarp is succulent in the plum, cherry, apricot, peach, etc.; dry and subcoriaceous in the almond; and fibrous in the cocoanut.
Example Sentences:
(1) Hinokiflavone (1) was isolated as the cytotoxic principle from the drupes of Rhus succedanea L. A comparison of the cytotoxicity of 1 and other related biflavonoids, including amentoflavone (2), robustaflavone (3), agathisflavone (4), rhusflavone (5), rhusflavanone (6) and its hexaacetate (7), succedaneaflavanone (8) and its hexaacetate (9), cupressuflavone (10), neorhusflavanone (11), volkensiflavone (12) and its hexamethyl ether (13), spicataside (14) and its nonaacetate (15), morelloflavone (16) and its heptaacetate (17) and heptamethyl ether (18), GB-1a (19) and its hexamethyl ether (20) and 7"-O-beta-glucoside (21), and GB-2a (22), indicates that an ether linkage between two units of apigenin as seen in 1 is structurally required for significant cytotoxicity.
(2) On the outer atoll of Arno, families work together every day, six days a week, collecting fallen drupes, removing the husks, skilfully shucking the flesh (called copra) and drying it in makeshift ovens.
(3) Here, we are dealing with what is known as food-associated allergy syndrome, which is largely based on a cross reaction between certain types of pollen (birch, alder, hazel and mugwort) and food allergens (drupes, pomes, nuts, vegetables such as celery, carrots and fennel, etc.).
Pyrene
Definition:
(n.) One of the less volatile hydrocarbons of coal tar, obtained as a white crystalline substance, C16H10.
(n.) Same as Pyrena.
Example Sentences:
(1) Two other impurities are pyrene derivatives but their acyl chains probably are not decanoic acid.
(2) Microbiological analyses of sediments located near a point source for petrogenic chemicals resulted in the isolation of a pyrene-mineralizing bacterium.
(3) The protective effect of Thiola against the genotoxicity, induced by benzo(a)pyrene, in vitro and in vivo, was investigated.
(4) aldrin epoxidation, ethylmorphine demethylation, and benzo(a)-pyrene hydroxylation were induced under these conditions.
(5) The effect of dicoumarol on glucuronidation of 3-OH-benzo(a)pyrene (BP) appears to be due to inhibition of UDPglucuronosyltransferase (UDPGT) and not to an inhibited DT-diaphorase (NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase); to date the only enzyme known to be inhibited by dicoumarol.
(6) Aryl hydrocarbon (benzo(a)pyrene) hydroxylase is present and inducible in Buffalo rat liver cells in culture.
(7) A pyrene substituted with a photosensitive group, 1-azidopyrene, has been synthesized.
(8) Vanadate(V) required the presence of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate to trigger co-oxygenation of benzo(a)pyrene-7,8-dihydrodiol.
(9) There were 61 and 27% of malformed fetuses following 7 beta,8 alpha-dihydroxy-9 alpha,10 alpha-epoxy-7,8,9,10-tetrahydrobenzo(a)pyrene treatment on days 12 and 14 of gestation, respectively.
(10) These results suggest that CsA has the potential to cause drug interactions involving inhibition of drug biotransformation, particularly of drugs that are metabolised by the same types of cytochrome P-450 which oxidise benzo[a]pyrene and theophylline.
(11) Chemical analysis of the smoke concensate of bidis and cigarettes showed that condensate from bidis had a higher benzo[a]pyrene level than was observed in cigarette smoke condensate, when compared on the basis of the mass (mg) burnt.
(12) All three benz(a)pyrene control rats developed cancer at the implantation site.
(13) The metabolism of the environmental pollutant and suspected human carcinogen, cyclopenta[cd]pyrene (CPP), was investigated.
(14) The frequency of morphological transformation induced by benzo(a)pyrene was established at various extracellular pHs and compared with intracellular pH values.
(15) --In this fashion, six polycyclic aromatic compounds with differing carcinogenic activities were tested:benzo(a)-pyrene, benzo(b)fluoranthene, indeno(1,2,3-c,d)pyrene, benzo(a)anthracene, fluoranthene, and cyclopenteno (c,d)pyrene.
(16) Rat tracheal tissue was cultured for periods up to 2 months in medium containing benzo[a]pyrene, and the epithelium was studied for the histologic effects of deletion of serum from the medium.
(17) A comparison of the relative cytosolic Ah (9S) receptor binding affinities and aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH) induction potencies of these hydrocarbons with their 4S protein binding affinities demonstrated the following: five compounds, namely 1,2,5,6-dibenz[a]-anthracene, 1,2,3,4-dibenz[a]anthracene, picene, benzo[a]pyrene and 3-methylcholanthrene exhibited high to moderate binding affinities for the 4S and 9S cytosolic proteins (EC50 values less than 10(-6) M) and induced AHH in rat hepatoma cells; three compounds, namely perylene, benzo[e]pyrene and benzo[g,h,i]perylene exhibited high affinities for the 4S binding protein (1.25 X 10(-7), 4.4 X 10(-8) and 2.9 X 10(-8) M, respectively) and low affinities (EC50 values greater than 10(-5) M) for the Ah receptor protein; moreover these three compounds did not induce AHH in rat hepatoma H-4-II E cells in culture.
(18) The tumor initiating activity on mouse skin of benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), 7,10-dimethylBaP, and 10-methylBaP was determined.
(19) Anthracene, chrysene, benzo(e)pyrene and perylene did not significantly suppress the antibody-forming cell response compared to the corn oil vehicle controls.
(20) Although the spleen has been shown to be capable of metabolizing benzo(a)pyrene, the relative amounts and types of metabolites generated have not been determined.