What's the difference between earthwork and fortification?

Earthwork


Definition:

  • (n.) Any construction, whether a temporary breastwork or permanent fortification, for attack or defense, the material of which is chiefly earth.
  • (n.) The operation connected with excavations and embankments of earth in preparing foundations of buildings, in constructing canals, railroads, etc.
  • (n.) An embankment or construction made of earth.

Example Sentences:

  • (1) It is an enormous earthwork henge, roughly 180m across, with a stone passage tomb at its centre.
  • (2) Earthworks were started in late 2011, while the route was still being finessed, and continued despite the difficulties caused by torrential rain that has fallen in the region over the last year.
  • (3) Risk factors have been shown to be stays in hotels and hospitals, especially if the rooms were subject to faulty air conditioning, water containers or to earthworks.
  • (4) Earthworks is a US-based non-profit organisation which aims to protect communities and the environment from the impacts of irresponsible mineral and energy development.
  • (5) When excavations started here for the 1988 Olympics, vast third-century earthworks were discovered.
  • (6) "I'm out of here," said Simon Vose (video) as an inflatable HS2 white elephant was deployed in front of his home in the Cheshire hamlet of Hoo Green which either faces demolition or massive earthworks from the supertrain's link between Manchester and Birmingham.
  • (7) Earthworks' crops of vegetables and fruits are even certified organic.
  • (8) he calls out as he pushes a hand plough through the soil of the Earthworks Urban Farm.
  • (9) The project will be staged over a number of years, and any impacts on groundwater are expected to occur after work commences on the bulk earthworks (box cut) required for underground or open-cut mining.” The spokesman added that Adani will be expected to “actively manage” the mining site for endangered species while replacement habitat is found.
  • (10) Crouch has tested the soil that Earthworks farms, and though frequently poor in nutrients, it's usually not polluted.
  • (11) Estimates from Earthworks suggest that Freeport dumps as much as 200,000 tonnes of mine waste , known as tailings, directly into the Aikwa delta system every day .
  • (12) Follow limestone cliffs and skirt sheltered bays, past ancient earthworks.
  • (13) If we stay in Texas, we just decide to stay and fight it’.” She talked to Sharon Wilson, a local organizer for Earthworks, and the two women began to speak to neighbours.
  • (14) In the past he has described the NHS in Wales as a national scandal and even claimed Offa’s Dyke – the ancient earthwork that separates England and Wales – as the “line between life and death ”.
  • (15) The risk factors for this group are as follows: work in the atmosphere of high dust content with air supply by means of air conditioners, contact with soil in the process of earthwork.
  • (16) Council records also show TIGCS has meanwhile been building without first getting planning approval facilities including the overhaul and alterations of Menie House to create the hotel; new entrance walls and distinctive Trump-branded black and gold entrance signs on the A90 main road; two 25-metre-high flagpoles; a stone golf bag store; a “soakaway” for sewage runoff; lighting and earthworks for building the clubhouse carpark.
  • (17) It should send a signal to industry that if the people in Texas – where fracking was invented – can’t live with it, nobody can,” said Sharon Wilson, the Texas organiser for EarthWorks, who lives in Denton.
  • (18) He thought it was likely the earthworks had been destroyed since the photograph was taken, since Google Earth just showed a confusing jumble of tracks.
  • (19) A 2012 report from Earthworks and MiningWatch Canada asserts that mine waste from Grasberg has “buried over 166 square kilometres of formerly productive forest and wetlands, and fish have largely disappeared”.
  • (20) The practice has devastated the environment, according to Earthworks and locals, turning thousands of hectares of verdant forest and mangroves into wasteland and rendering turgid the once-crystal waters of the highlands.

Fortification


Definition:

  • (n.) The act of fortifying; the art or science of fortifying places in order to defend them against an enemy.
  • (n.) That which fortifies; especially, a work or works erected to defend a place against attack; a fortified place; a fortress; a fort; a castle.

Example Sentences:

  • (1) The top of the fence can also be manipulated in certain ways such as including curvature outward at the top of the fence to make scaling it much more difficult for most.” Some critics, including Washington DC congressional delegate Eleanor Holmes Norton, have warned against excessive fortification, but the report argues: “We recognise all the competing considerations that may go into questions regarding the fence, but believe that protection of the President and the White House must be the higher priority.” “Every additional second of response time provided by a fence that is more difficult to climb makes a material difference in ensuring the President’s safety and protecting the symbol that is the White House.” The panel also urges that a new head of secret service, to replace ousted head Julia Pierson, be brought in from outside the agency, ensuring it is better staffed and trained in future.
  • (2) It is concluded that vitamin-D deficiency in Asian immigrants could be substantially reduced by fortification of chupatty flour with vitamin D.
  • (3) Accuracy, measured by comparison with fortification values, averaged 95% and ranged from 79 to 103%.
  • (4) In Terezín itself, I saw for myself the buildings, roads and fortifications shown in the artists' works.
  • (5) We conducted a randomized double-blind trial of a cow's milk infant formula with increased iron fortification in order to confirm its safety and to measure its effects on iron status and immune function.
  • (6) Accordingly, such fortification should be used in selected situations only, rather than as a routine nursery policy.
  • (7) Adequate exposure to summer sunlight is the essential means to ample supply, but oral intake augmented by both fortification and supplementation is necessary to maintain baseline stores.
  • (8) Results for commercial preparations obtained by the proposed procedure demonstrate excellent precision and accuracy with RSD values for replicate analysis ranging from 0.11 to 0.74% and recoveries via fortification from 99.6 to 100.1%.
  • (9) Fortification of wheat flour by 0.3% lysine resulted in better growth of rats when fed at 6% protein level.
  • (10) For each fortification level, the means of recovery yield were in the range 56-107%, and were independent of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon congener specificity and the operator's capability.
  • (11) Fortification of commercial blood meal with isoleucine did not improve much its quality.
  • (12) Fortification levels ranged from 0.02 to 1.2 ppm for alpha-BHC, lindane, cis- and trans-chlordane, octachlor epoxide, o,p'- and p,p'-DDT, p,p'-DDE, p,p'-TDE, hexachlorobenzene, heptachlor epoxide, dieldrin, endrin, methoxychlor, mirex, and toxaphene.
  • (13) In the trust’s book, Syria: Media Citadels between East and West , Julia Gonnella describes how the sixth-century fortification failed to become a place of long-term refuge and settlement because of a lack of clean water.
  • (14) To combat vitamin deficiencies in populations whose dietary staple is maize, the fortification of maize meal with riboflavin and nicotinamide has been recommended.
  • (15) Following ugly scenes on the Serbian-Hungarian border on Wednesday when Hungarian security forces used tear gas, water cannon and rubber bullets on desperate people pressed up against Budapest’s new razor-wire border fortifications, the focus shifted on Thursday to Croatia.
  • (16) The study included fortification of tissue by each laboratory and analysis of fat samples taken from treated heifers which had endogenous levels of 0, 10, and 20 ppb melengestrol acetate.
  • (17) These infants received Fe mainly from fortification Fe with beikost (75-86%) and less than 10% met the recommended intake of 1 mg.kg-1.d-1; whereas 80-85% of the infants fed the Fe-fortified formula did.
  • (18) There was no evidence that vitamin fortification of the modified medium had any significant effect on the growth rate of test organism.
  • (19) Samples consisted of 3 Great Lakes channel catfish homogenates containing different levels of bioincurred 2,3,7,8-TCDD; 1 of these was prepared in duplicate and another was prepared both with and without standard 2,3,7,8-TCDD fortification for a total of 5 samples per set.
  • (20) A targeted, double-blind controlled iron fortification trial using Fe(111)-EDTA in masala (curry powder) was directed towards an Fe-deficient Indian population for 2 y.