(n.) The act of raising from a lower place, condition, or quality to a higher; -- said of material things, persons, the mind, the voice, etc.; as, the elevation of grain; elevation to a throne; elevation of mind, thoughts, or character.
(n.) Condition of being elevated; height; exaltation.
(n.) That which is raised up or elevated; an elevated place or station; as, an elevation of the ground; a hill.
(n.) The distance of a celestial object above the horizon, or the arc of a vertical circle intercepted between it and the horizon; altitude; as, the elevation of the pole, or of a star.
(n.) The angle which the style makes with the substylar line.
(n.) The movement of the axis of a piece in a vertical plane; also, the angle of elevation, that is, the angle between the axis of the piece and the line o/ sight; -- distinguished from direction.
(n.) A geometrical projection of a building, or other object, on a plane perpendicular to the horizon; orthographic projection on a vertical plane; -- called by the ancients the orthography.
Example Sentences:
(1) Similar experimental manipulation has yielded in vitro lines established from avian B-cell lymphomas expressing elevated levels of c-myc or v-rel.
(2) Intestinal dilatation seemed in all cases a response to elevated CO2 only.
(3) Patient plasma samples demonstrated evidence of marked complement activation, with 3-fold elevations of C3a desArg concentrations by the 8th day of therapy.
(4) We conclude that chronic emphysema produced in dogs by aerosol administration of papain results in elevated pulmonary artery pressure, which is characterized pathologically by medial hypertrophy of small pulmonary arteries.
(5) Thus adrenaline, via pre- and post-junctional adrenoceptors, may contribute to enhanced vascular smooth muscle contraction, which most likely is sensitized by the elevated intracellular calcium concentration.
(6) The increase in red blood cell mass was associated with an elevation in erythropoietic stimulatory activity in serum, pleural fluid, and tumor-cyst fluid as determined by the exhypoxic polycythemic mouse assay.
(7) Maximal aberration yields were observed for 2,4-diaminotoluene, 2,6-diaminotoluene and cytosine beta-D-arabinofuranoside from 17 to 21 h, eugenol from 15 to 21 h, cadmium sulfate from 15 to 24 h and 2-aminobiphenyl, from 17 to 24 h. For adriamycin at 1 microM, the % aberrant cells remained elevated throughout the period from 9 to 29 h, while small increases at 0.1 microM ADR were found only at 13 and at 25 h. For most chemicals the maximal aberration yield occurred at a different time for each concentration tested.
(8) Hepatic enzyme elevations were more dramatic after blunt trauma, reflecting greater hepatocellular disruption.
(9) The erythrocyte sedimentation rate is almost always markedly elevated.
(10) Total cholesterol levels are elevated, particularly in hypopituitary women.
(11) In experiments performed to determine whether PtdIns(4,5)P2 hydrolysis induced by TRH may have been caused by the elevation of [Ca2+]i, the following results were obtained: the effect of TRH to decrease the level of PtdIns(4,5)P2 was not reproduced by the calcium ionophore A23187 or by membrane depolarization with 50 mM K+; the calcium antagonist TMB-8 did not inhibit the TRH-induced decrease in PtdIns(4,5)P2; and, most importantly, inhibition by EGTA of the elevation of [Ca2+]i did not inhibit the TRH-induced decrease in PtdIns(4,5)P2.
(12) During capillary growth when endothelial cells (EC) undergo extensive proliferation and migration and pericytes are scarce, hyaluronic acid (HA) levels are elevated.
(13) If tracer is introduced into the carotid artery after osmotic treatment, brain uptake is increased by a net factor of 50 (a factor of 70 due to elevation of PA, multiplied by 7 due to infusion by the carotid route) as compared to uptake by normal, untreated brain with infusion into a peripheral vein.
(14) Beta-galactosidase, beta-n-acetyl-hexosaminidase, and alpha-fucosidase were sensitive indicators and were significantly elevated above control values by day 3 at both doses (P < 0.01).
(15) When irradiated circular DNA, previously nicked by T4 endonuclease V, is briefly exposed to elevated temperature, the DAN becomes susceptible to the action of exonuclease V, and pyrimidine dimers are selectively released.
(16) Finally, it could be observed that elevated osmotic pressures reduced the lysis of isolated secretory granules when bicarbonate ions were present in the incubation medium.
(17) Eight other children (20%) had normal or borderline elevation of CPK-MB fraction and EKG abnormalities combined with abnormal echocardiograms or radionuclide angiograms, and were considered to have sustained cardiac concussion.
(18) Increased iron levels in basal ganglia were generally associated with normal or elevated levels of ferritin immunoreactivity, for example, the substantia nigra in PSP and possibly MSA, and in putamen in MSA.
(19) The only localized tumors known to produce elevation of CEA above the levels observed in non malignant diseases are carcinomas of the large bowel and the pancreas.
(20) In neither case has a significant elevation in inherited genetic effects or cancer been detected in the offspring of exposed individuals.
Orthography
Definition:
(n.) The art or practice of writing words with the proper letters, according to standard usage; conventionally correct spelling; also, mode of spelling; as, his orthography is vicious.
(n.) The part of grammar which treats of the letters, and of the art of spelling words correctly.
(n.) A drawing in correct projection, especially an elevation or a vertical section.
Example Sentences:
(1) The results indicate that visual effects are not restricted to word stimuli and suggest that additive effects of visual similarity and shared orthography may be responsible for these findings.
(2) To do this, sets of letter strings in which orthography and familiarity were factorially combined were used as the basis for physical, phonetic, semantic, and lexical judgments.
(3) Non-words which obeyed the rules of English orthography and phonology were more difficult to discriminate from words than those which violated those rules.
(4) Adopting the format of an earlier investigation, a visual recall task was employed as the dependent variable, and it was predicted that poor readers would perform as well as normals with stimuli taken from Hebrew, an unfamiliar orthography.
(5) Forward and backward priming were compared both when the nonword foils were "legal" and when they were "illegal" with respect to English orthography.
(6) Word structure determined by orthography and morphology affected neon colors, but no effect was found for purely phonological units.
(7) It is suggested that reading aloud employs grapheme-phoneme translation based upon a letter-by-letter analysis of the stimulus: that discriminating words from non-words obeying the rules of English orthography and phonology employs a search of the lexicon based upon a holistic analysis of the stimulus; and that discriminating words from non-words violating those rules employs a direct test of the regularity of the stimulus based upon the combinatory rules of English orthography.
(8) In the present writer's opinion, the orthography according to Duden disfigures words from Latin origin for the most part since Latin c is written as a k before a, o, u and as a z before e and i.
(9) The results do not support previous claims of orthography-specific laterality, but instead show that laterality effects for morphemic stimuli vary with the orthographic, phonological, and semantic processing demands of the task.
(10) N200s were largest when both the orthography and phonology mismatched, of intermediate amplitude when either orthography or phonology mismatched, and smallest when both orthography and phonology matched.
(11) The standpoint of the Hungarian Scientific Academy in case of medical orthography is described.
(12) Especially Eschenbach is up to mischief if he proposes his alternative orthography also for words which are borrowed from Latin 1,000 years ago and are used by everybody in the colloquial German language.
(13) Evidence from cognitive neuropsychological case reports is reviewed for its bearing on these claims and for its implications for the strong metalinguistic hypothesis, which contends that explicit, conscious mastery of the relationship between phonology and orthography is a necessary (and perhaps sufficient) precondition for the development of fluent reading.
(14) There was no evidence that nonword letter strings could contingently elicit such an aftereffect, even when the nonwords conformed to English orthography.
(15) The performance of the model is largely determined by three factors: the nature of the input, a significant fragment of written English; the learning rule, which encodes the implicit structure of the orthography in the weights on connections; and the architecture of the system, which influences the scope of what can be learned.
(16) These results were interpreted as strong support for the orthographical depth hypothesis and suggest, in general, that in shallow orthographies phonology is generated directly from print, whereas in deep orthographies phonology is derived from the internal lexicon.
(17) The choice was made because English phonology is particularly well described by the standard theory, and because this theory contains explicit predictions about how English speakers' phonological knowledge will be realized in their control of English orthography, e.g., in spelling.
(18) Reaction time and percent error increased whenever there was a conflict between the orthography and phonology of the words.
(19) The bulk of reading errors made by both groups reflect their common difficulties in phonemic segmentation of words in the lexicon, in phonetic recoding, and in mastery of the orthography--difficulties, in short, with linguistic characteristics of words rather than with their properties as visual patterns.
(20) The nature and the speed of this process are affected by "bottom-up" factors (e.g., the manner in which the phonology is represented by the orthography) and by "top-down" factors (e.g., network connections between related words in the lexicon, and contextual semantic information).