(1) A strong block to the elongation of nascent RNA transcripts by RNA polymerase II occurs in the 5' part of the mammalian c-fos proto-oncogene.
(2) The Ta loop was a smooth, elongated ellipse in configuration and showed clockwise rotation in all planes, as did the P loop.
(3) Aberrant forms (elongated and twisted) in the vacuole and double virions in the plasma membrane were observed as early as 65 h after infection.
(4) Elongation of existing RNA primers by the human polymerase-primase was semi-processive; following primer binding the DNA polymerase continuously incorporated 20 to 50 nucleotides, then it dissociated from the template DNA.
(5) The elongation of helix III with the addition of helix II at the N-terminus somewhat stabilizes the ordered structure.
(6) We show that it does apply under conditions of high ionic strength (0.3 M KCl), and under these conditions time courses may be analyzed to yield unbiased estimates of the initiation (Vi) and chain elongation (Vp) rates.
(7) These early hyperplastic lesions revealed stellate-shaped dilated bile canaliculi lined by blebs and abnormally thick elongated microvilli, a decreased number of microvilli on the sinusoidal surface, a marked increase in smooth endoplasmic reticulum, large nucleoli, and bundles of pericanalicular microfilaments.
(8) These two enzymes may act jointly in filling up the gaps along the DNA molecule and elongating the DNA chain.
(9) A radical rearrangement of the organism occurred gradually: initially oval in shape, the parasite became round, then elongated, flattened, and underwent cytokinesis.
(10) In muscle cells the mitochondria were in the process of dissolving and the sarcoplasmic reticulum formed elongate cisternae.
(11) The crus has been elongation 8 cm by Ilizarov method in 9 years old boy and 5 cm elongation of the tibia has been achieved with the use of Bastiani method in 8 years old girl.
(12) From the different shapes of the scattering curves of the native phosphofructokinase at pH 7.5 in the presence of 15 mM ATP and of the cross-linked tetramer or octamer, it can be inferred that the shapes of the protomers are different: in the presence of ATP the protomers are elongated, having an axial ratio of 1.8 to 2.0; the cross-linked state reveals a spherical protomer of radius 33.0 A, similar to that of the native enzyme at pH 7.5 in the presence of fructose 6-phosphate or fructose 1,6-bisphosphate.
(13) Whereas elongation of cDNA100 increased with time of incubation at the optimal detergent concentration, this process was retarded at higher detergent concentrations.
(14) This, along with evidence that kinesin is associated with the endoplasmic reticulum, has led to the suggestion that kinesin provides the motive force for the formation and maintenance of elongated tubulovesicular structures in cells.
(15) The results may point to an inhibition of replicon initiation, and a larger DNA chain elongation in UV-sensitive clones after UV irradiation.
(16) The cells elongate, keeping their original polarity, and acquire numerous filopodia which contain punctate junctions at sites of cell-to-cell contact.
(17) The remaining nonswarming mutants produced flagella but were defective in surface-induced elongation.
(18) The "hexagonal ribbon" model proposes that hexagonal profiles are true cross-sections of elongated hexagonal ribbons.
(19) The results raise important questions as to the actual mechanism of transcription elongation, and suggest that it is a much more complex process than previously assumed.
(20) It has been possible to separate this dissipation from that associated with elongation factor Tu function.
Perturb
Definition:
(v. t.) To disturb; to agitate; to vex; to trouble; to disquiet.
(v. t.) To disorder; to confuse.
Example Sentences:
(1) These membrane perturbation effects not observed with bleomycin-iron in the presence of a hydroxyl radical scavenger, dimethyl thiourea, or a chelating agent, desferrioxamine, were correlated with the ability of the complex to generate highly reactive oxygen species.
(2) Ultraviolet difference spectrophotometry indicates that the inactivated enzyme retains its capacity for binding the nucleotide substrates whereas the spectral perturbation characteristic of 3-phosphoglycerate binding is abolished in the modified enzyme.
(3) It is suggested that laboratory experiments should be performed on perturbed systems only if simulations have shown that the methods of data analysis will be satisfactorily powerful and accurate.
(4) Thresholds were measured for detecting perturbations in a regular lattice of dots by modulating local dot density, local dot luminance, or some combination of the two.
(5) It is shown that when a constant current is applied such that a stable equilibrium and rhythmic firing are present, the following predictions are inherent in the HH system of equations: (a) Small instantaneous voltage perturbations to the axon given at points along its firing spike result in phase resetting curves (when new phase versus old phase is plotted) with an average slope of 1.
(6) Lower lip perturbation duration was manipulated to yield two different load conditions.
(7) The role of the Golgi complex in the post-translational oligosaccharide maturation of alpha-amylase was explored by use of the carboxylic ionophore, monensin (10(-7)M), a known perturbant of the structure and function of the Golgi complex.
(8) The importance of the ionic interaction due to the formation of the salt bridge between the Asp-27 and the pteridine ring in Escherichia coli dihydrofolate reductase-methotrexate complex has been studied by using the free-energy perturbation method.
(9) Presence of the monosynaptic reflex during platform perturbations at normal latencies suggests that balance problems in children with Down syndrome do not result from hypotonia, which researchers have defined as decreased segmental motoneuron pool excitability and pathology of stretch reflex mechanisms, but rather result from defects within higher level postural mechanisms.
(10) We have perturbed the dynamics of the nuclear lamins by means of cell fusion between mitotic and interphase cells and have studied redistribution of lamins in fused cells as a function of extracellular pH levels.
(11) In the coagulating gland, this compensatory response involved the proliferation of many cells which, in the absence of cytotoxic perturbation, would be non-proliferatie (Q cells).
(12) The effect of initial perturbation of the thrombus by a guide wire appears to be less important than the thrombus disruption and accelerated thrombolysis caused by the pulsatile delivery system.
(13) As before, subjects were instructed to either oppose the perturbation (Predictable Oppose) or relax the forearm muscles (Predictable Let-Go).
(14) Bivalent cations (Ca2+, UO2(2+) or Zn2+) in the subphase at pH 5.6 significantly modified the behaviour of mixed monolayers of fusogenic lipids with phospholipids; there was a parallel perturbing effect of fusogenic lipids on interactions between monolayers of phospholipids and bivalent cations.
(15) In particular, nitration of Tyr-51 provoked a structural perturbation in the globular region.
(16) Altering the biophysical characteristics of cell membranes by diet and membrane perturbing agents markedly influences thermosensitivity of cells.
(17) Paraphilias (PAs) and non-paraphilic sexual addictions (NPSAs) may be behaviors that share a common perturbation of central serotonin neuroregulation as a component of their pathophysiology.
(18) Two functions of these have been proposed: 1) that they are compatible osmolytes which regulate cell volume (against high external NaCl) without inhibiting proteins and 2) that methylamines (GPC and betaine) are counteracting osmolytes which stabilize proteins against perturbation from high renal urea.
(19) This high incidence of HER2 gene amplification with accompanying overexpression in non-invasive breast tumors suggests that perturbations of the HER2 oncogene are among the earliest and most common genetic lesions in human breast cancer.
(20) Hypophysectomy was selected as a model system for perturbing testicular cell types, since the cytological sequelae of this treatment post-hypophysectomy in the rat are well documented in the literature.