(a.) To make stable or firm; to fix immovably or firmly; to set (a thing) in a place and make it stable there; to settle; to confirm.
(a.) To appoint or constitute for permanence, as officers, laws, regulations, etc.; to enact; to ordain.
(a.) To originate and secure the permanent existence of; to found; to institute; to create and regulate; -- said of a colony, a state, or other institutions.
(a.) To secure public recognition in favor of; to prove and cause to be accepted as true; as, to establish a fact, usage, principle, opinion, doctrine, etc.
(a.) To set up in business; to place advantageously in a fixed condition; -- used reflexively; as, he established himself in a place; the enemy established themselves in the citadel.
Example Sentences:
(1) Similar experimental manipulation has yielded in vitro lines established from avian B-cell lymphomas expressing elevated levels of c-myc or v-rel.
(2) The liver metastasis was produced by intrasplenic injection of the fluid containing of KATOIII in nude mouse and new cell line was established using the cells of metastatic site.
(3) The role of whole Mycobacteria, mycobacterial cell walls and waxes D as immunostimulants was well established many years ago.
(4) A backbench policy advisory group will be established to develop ideas.
(5) Since it was established, it has stoked controversy about contemporary art, though in recent years it has been more notable for its lack of sensationalism.
(6) Nasotracheal intubation has been well established as a method for maintaining an artificial airway in children.
(7) Using multiple regression, a linear correlation was established between the cardiac index and the arterial-venous pH and PCO2 differences throughout shock and resuscitation (r2 = .91).
(8) Developing seminiferous tubules and interstitial cells were first seen on day 26, and were well established one day later.
(9) In three of these patients this was associated with the presence of a previously well established abscess cavity.
(10) To identify the NHE-1 protein and to establish its cellular and subcellular localization in the rabbit kidney, we prepared antibodies to a NHE-1 fusion protein.
(11) The structures of 1 and 2 were established mainly on the basis of nmr spectroscopic data.
(12) It was established that nonsurgical methods of transplantation with laboratory animals were less time-consuming and were more readily applicable.
(13) The haplotype of the recombinant X chromosome of each of 241 backcross progeny has been established using the X-linked anchor loci Otc, Hprt, Dmd, Pgk-1, and Amg and the additional probes DXSmh43 and Cbx-rs1.
(14) We found that, although controlled release delivery of ddC inhibited de novo FeLV-FAIDS replication and delayed onset of viremia when therapy was discontinued (after 3 weeks), an equivalent incidence and level of viremia were established rapidly in both ddC-treated and control cats.
(15) After several months, a temporal discrimination was well established, as shown by maximum suppression toward the end of the signal period.
(16) An experimental model was established in the ewe allowing one to predict with accuracy an antral follicle that coincidentally would either undergo ovulation (6-8 mm diameter) or atresia (3-4 mm diameter) following synchronization of luteal regression and the onset of the gonadotropin surge.
(17) In 8 of 32 patients (25%) the diagnosis was established only at autopsy.
(18) For the second propositus, a woman presenting with abdominal and psychiatric manifestations, the age of onset was 38 years; the acute attack had no recognizable cause; she had mild skin lesions and initially was incorrectly diagnosed as intermittent acute porphyria; the diagnosis of variegate porphyria was only established at the age of 50 years.
(19) We previously established that the binding constant (Ka) of this receptor site for the chemically synthesized model AGE, 2-(2-furoyl)-4(5)-(2-furanyl)-1H- imidazole-butyric acid (FFI-BA), on cells of the mouse macrophagelike cell line RAW 264.7 is identical to that for AGE proteins.
(20) Neil Blessitt Bristol • We need to establish what the legal position is with regard to the establishment by the government of a private company co-owned by the Department of Health and the French firm Sopra Steria.
Orthography
Definition:
(n.) The art or practice of writing words with the proper letters, according to standard usage; conventionally correct spelling; also, mode of spelling; as, his orthography is vicious.
(n.) The part of grammar which treats of the letters, and of the art of spelling words correctly.
(n.) A drawing in correct projection, especially an elevation or a vertical section.
Example Sentences:
(1) The results indicate that visual effects are not restricted to word stimuli and suggest that additive effects of visual similarity and shared orthography may be responsible for these findings.
(2) To do this, sets of letter strings in which orthography and familiarity were factorially combined were used as the basis for physical, phonetic, semantic, and lexical judgments.
(3) Non-words which obeyed the rules of English orthography and phonology were more difficult to discriminate from words than those which violated those rules.
(4) Adopting the format of an earlier investigation, a visual recall task was employed as the dependent variable, and it was predicted that poor readers would perform as well as normals with stimuli taken from Hebrew, an unfamiliar orthography.
(5) Forward and backward priming were compared both when the nonword foils were "legal" and when they were "illegal" with respect to English orthography.
(6) Word structure determined by orthography and morphology affected neon colors, but no effect was found for purely phonological units.
(7) It is suggested that reading aloud employs grapheme-phoneme translation based upon a letter-by-letter analysis of the stimulus: that discriminating words from non-words obeying the rules of English orthography and phonology employs a search of the lexicon based upon a holistic analysis of the stimulus; and that discriminating words from non-words violating those rules employs a direct test of the regularity of the stimulus based upon the combinatory rules of English orthography.
(8) In the present writer's opinion, the orthography according to Duden disfigures words from Latin origin for the most part since Latin c is written as a k before a, o, u and as a z before e and i.
(9) The results do not support previous claims of orthography-specific laterality, but instead show that laterality effects for morphemic stimuli vary with the orthographic, phonological, and semantic processing demands of the task.
(10) N200s were largest when both the orthography and phonology mismatched, of intermediate amplitude when either orthography or phonology mismatched, and smallest when both orthography and phonology matched.
(11) The standpoint of the Hungarian Scientific Academy in case of medical orthography is described.
(12) Especially Eschenbach is up to mischief if he proposes his alternative orthography also for words which are borrowed from Latin 1,000 years ago and are used by everybody in the colloquial German language.
(13) Evidence from cognitive neuropsychological case reports is reviewed for its bearing on these claims and for its implications for the strong metalinguistic hypothesis, which contends that explicit, conscious mastery of the relationship between phonology and orthography is a necessary (and perhaps sufficient) precondition for the development of fluent reading.
(14) There was no evidence that nonword letter strings could contingently elicit such an aftereffect, even when the nonwords conformed to English orthography.
(15) The performance of the model is largely determined by three factors: the nature of the input, a significant fragment of written English; the learning rule, which encodes the implicit structure of the orthography in the weights on connections; and the architecture of the system, which influences the scope of what can be learned.
(16) These results were interpreted as strong support for the orthographical depth hypothesis and suggest, in general, that in shallow orthographies phonology is generated directly from print, whereas in deep orthographies phonology is derived from the internal lexicon.
(17) The choice was made because English phonology is particularly well described by the standard theory, and because this theory contains explicit predictions about how English speakers' phonological knowledge will be realized in their control of English orthography, e.g., in spelling.
(18) Reaction time and percent error increased whenever there was a conflict between the orthography and phonology of the words.
(19) The bulk of reading errors made by both groups reflect their common difficulties in phonemic segmentation of words in the lexicon, in phonetic recoding, and in mastery of the orthography--difficulties, in short, with linguistic characteristics of words rather than with their properties as visual patterns.
(20) The nature and the speed of this process are affected by "bottom-up" factors (e.g., the manner in which the phonology is represented by the orthography) and by "top-down" factors (e.g., network connections between related words in the lexicon, and contextual semantic information).