(v. t.) To produce, as figures or designs, on mental, glass, or the like, by means of lines or strokes eaten in or corroded by means of some strong acid.
(v. t.) To subject to etching; to draw upon and bite with acid, as a plate of metal.
(v. t.) To sketch; to delineate.
(v. i.) To practice etching; to make etchings.
Example Sentences:
(1) After permeabilization, with attendant partial extraction, the preparation can be fixed, then viewed by either deep-etch replication, or by high-resolution scanning electron microscopy, with structure of interest revealed in deep view.
(2) The freeze-etch technique was used to study the morphology of Treponema refringens (Nichols).
(3) A thorough dental prophylaxis before acid-etching of enamel is often recommended.
(4) The results of the rapid-freeze and deep-etch procedure showed that the ridges observed by the surface replica method consisted of linear arrangements of elliptical particles on the ES face of the plasma membrane.
(5) All the summer deals in graphical, Etch-a-sketch form .
(6) When either predictability or bond strength was considered independently, several bracket systems, coupled with a particular etch time, had either high predictability or high bond strength.
(7) This demineralization was similar to enamel acid etched with 50% phosphoric acid for 2 mn.
(8) This study evaluated the bond strength between glass ionomer cements and laser-etched dentin.
(9) Acid etching smooths and cleans the dentinal surface.
(10) Examination of apposed replicas and deep-etched specimens indicated that at least some of the IMPs extend through the T. pallidum outer membrane and are exposed on the surface of the organism.
(11) Isolated appressed chloroplast membranes, highly enriched in photosystem II (PSII) activity, were examined by freeze-etch electron microscopy.
(12) The technique of freeze-etching for electron microscopy applied to isolated islets of Langerhans has permitted a successful evaluation of emiocytotic events on the cell surface.
(13) The tensile bond strengths of the bonding resin to the etched enamel surfaces were not significantly different.
(14) The etched porcelain laminate veneer is a new conservative treatment that offers a solution to fractured, discolored, and worn anterior teeth.
(15) SEM and TEM examinations suggested that dentinal collagen exposed by the etching but not entangled and impregnated by poly (4-META-co-MMA) easily deteriorated by water during the longer immersion.
(16) The performance of a commercial double-propane-jet freezer (Balzers QFD 101) has been assessed, for rapid freezing of fresh tissues in freeze-etch work.
(17) The purpose of this in vitro study was to determine the tensile bond strengths (TBS) of several orthodontic bonding systems and orthodontic brackets to enamel surfaces exposed to different etching procedures.
(18) We find that freeze-drying is the most reliable and easy method for molecules that withstand distilled water; freeze-etching can be successfully applied to transmembrane proteins (even in the presence of detergents or salt); the glycerol-spray technique provides an excellent alternative to the cryotechniques in particular for studies of single linear molecules.
(19) After acid etching, filtration produced a 32-fold increase in permeation.
(20) On the corresponding PF face of the plasma membrane, linear arrangements of the intramembrane particles (IMPs) of about 8 nm in diameter were observed by both the deep-etch and freeze-fracture methods.
Surface
Definition:
(n.) The exterior part of anything that has length and breadth; one of the limits that bound a solid, esp. the upper face; superficies; the outside; as, the surface of the earth; the surface of a diamond; the surface of the body.
(n.) Hence, outward or external appearance.
(n.) A magnitude that has length and breadth without thickness; superficies; as, a plane surface; a spherical surface.
(n.) That part of the side which is terminated by the flank prolonged, and the angle of the nearest bastion.
(v. t.) To give a surface to; especially, to cause to have a smooth or plain surface; to make smooth or plain.
(v. t.) To work over the surface or soil of, as ground, in hunting for gold.
Example Sentences:
(1) The resulting dose distribution is displayed using traditional 2-dimensional displays or as an isodose surface composited with underlying anatomy and the target volume.
(2) Phospholipid methylation in human EGMs is distinctly different from that in rat EGMs (Hirata and Axelrod 1980) in that the human activity is not Mg++-dependent, and apparent methyltransferase I activity is located in the external membrane surface.
(3) To quantify the size of the lesion in mice, the area of the infarct on the brain surface was assessed planimetrically 48 h after MCA occlusion by transcardial perfusion of carbon black.
(4) Using monoclonal antibodies directed against the plasma membrane of Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells, we demonstrated previously that a glycoprotein with an Mr = 23,000 (gp23) had a non-polarized cell surface distribution and was observed on both the apical and basolateral membranes (Ojakian, G. K., Romain, R. E., and Herz, R. E. (1987) Am.
(5) In the surface epithelial cells, the basolateral cell surface showed moderate enzymatic activity.
(6) Such an increase in antibody binding occurred simultaneously with an increase in the fluidity of surface lipid regions, as monitored by fluorescence depolarization of 1-(trimethylammoniophenyl)-6-phenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene.
(7) The role of Ca2+ in cell agglutination may be either to activate the cell-surface dextran receptor or to form specific intercellular Ca2+ bridges.
(8) The subcellular distribution of sialyltransferase and its product of action, sialic acid, was investigated in the undifferentiated cells of the rat intestinal crypts and compared with the pattern observed in the differentiated cells present in the surface epithelium.
(9) Even with hepatic lipase, phospholipid hydrolysis could not deplete VLDL and IDL of sufficient phospholipid molecules to account for the loss of surface phospholipid that accompanies triacylglycerol hydrolysis and decreasing core volume as LDL is formed (or for conversion of HDL2 to HDL3).
(10) A total of 555 caries lesions were registered on proximal surfaces, 49.1% being primary lesions in the enamel, 21.4% primary lesions into the dentin and 29.5% secondary lesions.
(11) Contact angles of Silafocon A and PMMA were relatively uninfluenced by front surface radii between 7.7 and 8.85 and 7.3 to 8.8 mm, respectively.
(12) These cells contained organelles characteristic of the maturation stage ameloblast and often extended to the enamel surface, suggesting a possible origin from the ameloblast layer.
(13) Together these observations suggest that cytotactin is an endogenous cell surface modulatory protein and provide a possible mechanism whereby cytotactin may contribute to pattern formation during development, regeneration, tumorigenesis, and wound healing.
(14) Our Ph1-positive ALL revealed B-cell lineage leukemia, since their surface phenotype were Ia+ and CD10+ and they have rearranged immunoglobulin JH genes.
(15) The complete nucleotide sequence of the gene for a cell surface protein antigen (SpaA) of Streptococcus sobrinus MT3791 (serotype g) was determined.
(16) To investigate the mechanism of enhanced responsiveness of cholesterol-enriched human platelets, we compared stimulation by surface-membrane-receptor (thrombin) and post-receptor (AlF4-) G-protein-directed pathways.
(17) Lysis of EAC4b,3b cellular intermediates formed to contain a low surface amount of C3b was more inhibited than was lysis of cells formed with a standard amount of C3b on the surface.
(18) After either 5 or 10 days of culture with both cytokines, intense immunofluorescent staining for Ia could be identified on the surface of greater than 80-90% of the viable islet cells.
(19) Within the capillary-perfused mucosa and muscularis (between 50 and 2000 microns from the urothelial surface), concentrations decreased by 50% for each 500-microns distance.
(20) Displacement of the surface of the cornea of bovine eyes after disruption of intact structures was investigated by means of holographic interferometry.