(n.) The science of the formation of character, national and collective as well as individual.
Example Sentences:
(1) Ethological methods were employed to gather normative data on social behavior in long stay male inpatients in the ward environment.
(2) For estimating and evaluating the ethological experimental results the concept of the meeting of requirements and avoidance of damage is an important point.
(3) In this article the methods of ethology, or the systematic detailed study of behavior, and its application to clinical nursing research are described.
(4) It is thus difficult to place a single time or place where ethology was born.
(5) Of these, the area where the most utilized is that of the occurred and in which the findings of ethology have been the most utilized is that of the attachment systems.
(6) The spread of fox rabies is greatly favored by the characteristics of the genus Vulpes--ubiquity, broad diet, prolific nature, and its particular ethology and ecology.
(7) Several simple models are developed to calculate expected mating frequencies in ethological isolation experiments.
(8) Our interpretation of these results is that, whereas the DSM-III subtyping primarily reflects illness severity, the ethological profile measures a dimension of depression largely independent from severity, as indicated by the lack of correlation between the HRSD score and the categories of nonverbal behavior.
(9) Taking in account actually directions of research and some original works, several directions of study are presented, connected with the following aspects: topological and functional evolution of taste receptors, developmental evolution and individual differentiation of the gustatory sensation, hereditary determinants of gustatory sensation and their possible relations with other aspects of personnality, ethological, cultural and environmental (both, in the large and restrictive meaning) aspects and their place in reinforcements of alimentary behavior.
(10) Ethological reproductive isolation and genetic divergence across 26 protein loci were measured among populations of the salamander Desmognathus ochrophaeus in the southern Appalachian Mountains.
(11) Ethological considerations suggest that these are appropriate stimulus characteristics for a system controlling approach and avoidance behaviour in an animal such as the rat where predators generally appear from above and prey is found on the ground.
(12) According to ethological procedures and concepts, the author tries to describe the shape and the functional value of stereotyped movements in disabled children.
(13) Although similar statements might be made about almost any field of science, it is in particular true of this field, which represents a kind of mongrel discipline derived from at least three major sources (psychology, embryology, and neuroscience) and several more minor ones (including developmental psychology and psychiatry, psychoanalysis, education, zoology, ethology, and sociology).
(14) There is, however, a growing branch of ethology that is concerned with the application of ethological principles to areas such as the management and welfare of economically important species like poultry.
(15) In addition, an ethologic perspective that synthesizes various etiologic theories, as they relate to homosexuality during adolescence, is briefly reviewed.
(16) It is concluded that ethology has a vital role in increasing our understanding of psychiatric disorders through identifying: characteristics of disorders; selected causes; degree and type of compromised mechanisms; and, intervention effectiveness.
(17) The description of movements as motor acts or patterns was first the task of Ethology.
(18) A curriculum stressing the writings of Tinbergen, Lorenz, Bowlby, and Hailman is presented for possible use in psychiatric training programs interested in teaching an ethological approach to psychiatry.
(19) Applied ethology in general and farm animal ethology in particular have a great importance in connection with animal welfare regulations on a national and international level.
(20) Both ethological methods are sensitive enough to estimate 'no-effect' doses.
Etiology
Definition:
(n.) The science of causes. Same as /tiology.
Example Sentences:
(1) The evidence suggests a multifactorial etiology for this problem.
(2) Coronary arteritis has to be considered as a possible etiology of ischemic symptoms also in subjects who appear affected by typical atherosclerotic ischemic heart disease.
(3) In this study, the role of psychological make-up was assessed as a risk factor in the etiology of vasospasm in variant angina (VA) using the Cornell Medical Index (CMI).
(4) Valvular stenoses of the bronchi and especially of the bronchioles in various types of primary pulmonary disease are of considerable importance etiologically.
(5) These tumors may nonetheless be etiologically related as indicated by the pattern of laboratory abnormalities, especially immunologic, in affected as well as unaffected members.
(6) However, it has been suggested that vasoactive gastrointestinal peptides are involved in the etiology of postprandial BP reduction.
(7) The diagnosis of "autism" has been used to encompass a heterogeneous group of children who may differ in etiology, clinical manifestations, prognosis, and needed treatment.
(8) Neither environmental nor bacteriological factors seemed to be involved in the etiology of the disease.
(9) Authors demonstrate the possibility of the tuberculous etiology of the cellulitis.
(10) By the GN of non-streptococcal etiology, AA's to the BLSE apparently of other specificity are obtained in some cases, in spite of the absence of antibodies to A-PS.
(11) Although not common, the disorder is the most frequently diagnosed disturbance of porphyrin metabolism in many countries, and further insight into its unusual pathogenesis may clarify the hepatotoxic effects of the 4 etiologic agents.
(12) Vulvovaginal inflammations and infections in the premenarchal child are caused by a large number of etiologic agents.
(13) Although this operational classification does not produce etiologically homogeneous groups, it is believed to have pragmatic utility with respect to planning targeted surveillance and management strategies.
(14) The etiology, diagnosis and surgical treatment of stenosing tenosynovitis of the peroneal tendons is presented.
(15) The etiology of the panvasculitis still remains a mystery.
(16) The lymphoproliferative disease virus (LPDV) of turkeys is the retroviral agent of etiology of a rapidly developing, naturally occurring, lymphoproliferative process.
(17) Sarcoidosis is a disease of unknown etiology with protean manifestations.
(18) However, the compatibility ratio of the audiovisual stimulation penogram type 2B was markedly low (35%) and this group had complicated etiologies, including many more psychogenic than organic causes.
(19) Injuries due to fellatio must be considered as an etiological factor to hemorrhagic changes of the oral mucosa, and with a positive history, patients can be spared from other investigations.
(20) Nevertheless, they are still being widely used, since in most cases only the epidemiology of the disease points to the etiologic role of A. cantonensis.