(n.) The act of giving or taking one thing in return for another which is regarded as an equivalent; as, an exchange of cattle for grain.
(n.) The act of substituting one thing in the place of another; as, an exchange of grief for joy, or of a scepter for a sword, and the like; also, the act of giving and receiving reciprocally; as, an exchange of civilities or views.
(n.) The thing given or received in return; esp., a publication exchanged for another.
(n.) The process of setting accounts or debts between parties residing at a distance from each other, without the intervention of money, by exchanging orders or drafts, called bills of exchange. These may be drawn in one country and payable in another, in which case they are called foreign bills; or they may be drawn and made payable in the same country, in which case they are called inland bills. The term bill of exchange is often abbreviated into exchange; as, to buy or sell exchange.
(n.) A mutual grant of equal interests, the one in consideration of the other. Estates exchanged must be equal in quantity, as fee simple for fee simple.
(n.) The place where the merchants, brokers, and bankers of a city meet at certain hours, to transact business. In this sense often contracted to 'Change.
(n.) To part with give, or transfer to another in consideration of something received as an equivalent; -- usually followed by for before the thing received.
(n.) To part with for a substitute; to lay aside, quit, or resign (something being received in place of the thing parted with); as, to exchange a palace for cell.
(n.) To give and receive reciprocally, as things of the same kind; to barter; to swap; as, to exchange horses with a neighbor; to exchange houses or hats.
(v. i.) To be changed or received in exchange for; to pass in exchange; as, dollar exchanges for ten dimes.
Example Sentences:
(1) In crosses between inverted repeats, a single intrachromatid reciprocal exchange leads to inversion of the sequence between the crossover sites and recovery of both genes involved in the event.
(2) Alleles in this region can be exchanged between X and Y chromosomes and are therefore inherited as if autosomal.
(3) He said: "Monetary policy affects the exchange rate – which in turn can offset or reinforce our exposure to rising import prices.
(4) Electron self-exchange has been measured by an NMR technique for horse-heart myoglobin.
(5) The influence of blood and blood-product therapy was studied in two groups of children: 1) 90 children who had exchange transfusion after birth because of serologic incompatibility (aged 5 months to 5 years).
(6) I usually use them as a rag with which to clean the toilet but I didn’t have anything else to wear today because I’m so fat.” While this exchange will sound baffling to outsiders, to Brits it actually sounds like this: “You like my dress?
(7) Resorption of calcium and depositon of inorganic phosphates in the implanted ceramics suggested that ions were being exchanged with the body fluids.
(8) We propose that, for a GC base pair in B conformation, there are two amino proton exchangeable states--a cytosine amino proton exchangeable state and a guanine amino proton exchangeable state; both require the disruption of only the corresponding interbase H bond.
(9) Several aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases are herein shown to catalyze the AMP----ADP and ADP----ATP exchange reactions (in the absence of tRNAs) by utilizing a transfer of the gamma-phosphate of ATP to reactive AMP and ADP intermediates that are probably the mixed anhydrides of the nucleotide and the corresponding amino acid.
(10) To gain more information about sources of activator Ca2+ involved in the contraction of rat and guinea-pig aorta evoked by angiotensin II and their sensitivity to Ca2+ entry blockers, measurement of slowly exchanging 45Ca2+ was established.
(11) Deuterium-labeled aspirin (2-acetoxy[3,4,5,6-2H4]benzoic acid) was synthesized from salicylic acid by catalytic exchange and subsequent acetylation.
(12) Pulmonary gas exchange and hemodynamics were compared on the day of transplantation (day 0) and 3 days later (day 3).
(13) Acute isovolemic anemia was produced in anesthetized chickens by serial exchanges of 6% dextran 70 equal to 1% of body weight to quantitate cardiovascular and metabolic parameters.
(14) By contrast, there was a rapid exchange of tracer Leu carbon between placenta and fetus resulting in a significant flux of labeled KIC from placenta to fetus.
(15) Moreover, it is the recombinant p70 polypeptides of slowest mobility that coelute with S6 kinase activity on anion-exchange chromatography.
(16) Bio-Rex 70, a carboxylic acid cation exchanger, is studied as a biological ion-exchanger resin model for cellular cytoplasm.
(17) Three triacetinases (A, B and C) were shown to undergo reciprocal conversions under storage and during some purification procedures (effect of pH, ionic strength, ion-exchange chromatography, concentration, lyophilization, etc.).
(18) Under normal conditions (venous PO2 greater than or equal to 40 mm Hg), oxygen delivery to the muscle was maintained mainly by large increases in the capillary exchange capacity and the oxygen extraction ratio in accord with tissue demand following the application of the above stresses.
(19) By allelic exchange using cloned PI genes from FA19 (PIA) and MS11 (PIB) and a selectable marker introduced closely downstream of these genes, we constructed sets of isogenic gonococcal strains that differ only in their PI gene.
(20) The unidirectional Cl- fluxes may have significant contributions from both the transcellular and paracellular pathways, with the direction of departure from predicted values being consistent with the presence of Cl- exchange diffusion.
Ventilation
Definition:
(n.) The act of ventilating, or the state of being ventilated; the art or process of replacing foul air by that which is pure, in any inclosed place, as a house, a church, a mine, etc.; free exposure to air.
(n.) The act of refrigerating, or cooling; refrigeration; as, ventilation of the blood.
(n.) The act of fanning, or winnowing, for the purpose of separating chaff and dust from the grain.
(n.) The act of sifting, and bringing out to view or examination; free discussion; public exposure.
(n.) The act of giving vent or expression.
Example Sentences:
(1) Heart rate (HR), pulmonary ventilation (V), oxygen consumption (VO2), carbon dioxide production (VCO2), and respiratory quotient (RQ) were measured.
(2) We studied the hemodynamic changes caused by bronchoscopy under LA in mechanically ventilated patients and the effect of LA on the endoscopic decline in arterial pO2.
(3) They are best explained by interactions between central sympathetic activity, brainstem control of respiration and vasomotor activity, reflexes arising from around and within the respiratory tract, and the matching of ventilation to perfusion in the lungs.
(4) This study compares anaesthesia with controlled ventilation of the lungs with atracurium and alfentanil analgesia with halothane anaesthesia.
(5) In some experiments heart rate and minute ventilation (central vactors) appear to be the dominant cues for rated perceived exertion, while in others, local factors such as blood lactate concentration and muscular discomfort seem to be the prominent cues.
(6) We found that, compared to one- and two-dose infants, those treated with three doses of Exosurf were more premature, smaller, required a longer ventilator course, and had more frequent complications, including patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), intraventricular hemorrhage, nosocomial pneumonia, and apnea.
(7) Mechanical ventilation was soon instituted and several antibiotics and acyclovir were administered intravenously, with marked effects.
(8) Anaesthesia was maintained with artificial ventilation and alcuronium, or spontaneous ventilation with halothane.
(9) The patient and ventilator work ratios, and the work of breathing quantify factors which may be directly useful to the clinician and to future systems to automate weaning.
(10) Ten patients received intercostal nerve blockade on a total of 29 occasions in order to provide analgesia following liver transplantation and to facilitate weaning from artificial ventilation of the lungs.
(11) Ventilation-perfusion lung scans and contrast ascending venography were performed on the sixth to eighth postoperative days.
(12) The rabbits were either breathing spontaneously or were ventilated by a phrenic nerve-controlled servorespirator without the use of muscle relaxants.
(13) Although hypothyroidism is not a common cause of ventilator dependency, it might be more common than we think.
(14) In 8 animals, blood flow was measured during control and sequentially 1, 2, and 3 min after ventilation was stopped.
(15) HFV was delivered at frequencies (f) of 3, 6, and 9 Hz with a ventilator that generated known tidal volumes (VT) independent of respiratory system impedance.
(16) Since the early 1960's nasotracheal tubes have been used for neonates with primary respiratory diseases which necessitated positive pressure ventilation.
(17) Although the level of ventilation is maintained constant during eating and drinking, the pattern of breathing becomes increasingly irregular.
(18) A facility for keeping chickens free of Marek's disease (MD) was obtained by adopting a system of filtered air under positive pressure (FAPP) for ventilation, and by imposing restrictions on entrance of articles, materials and personnel.
(19) No change in breathing frequency, minute ventilation, and pulmonary gas exchange was observed.
(20) During the weaning period after 18 h of mechanical ventilation following open-heart surgery, central haemodynamics, systemic oxygen transport and total oxygen consumption were assessed in a total of 11 patients receiving continuous positive pressure ventilation.