(1) In each sheep there was a significant negative correlation between the glucose and corticosteroid concentrations in both maternal and fetal plasma, and there were positive correlations between the maternal and fetal plasma concentrations of glucose, and between the glucose and fructose concentrations of fetal plasma.
(2) This is interpreted to mean that the release of fructose from the central complex is faster than the isomerization of the E-NADH complex.
(3) It is suggested the participation of glycogen (starch) in the self-oscillatory mechanism of the futile cycle formed by the phosphofructokinase and fructose bisphosphatase reactions may give rise to oscillations with the period of 10(3)-10(4) min, which may serve as the basis for the cell clock.
(4) Under anaerobic conditions, glycolytic flux was decreased but this did not appear to be the result of inhibition of phosphofructokinase, since the concentrations of both substrates, fructose 6-phosphate and ATP, were decreased.
(5) The intracellular levels of the 6-phosphates of glucose, fructose, and mannose did not increase in the presence of 2-dG.
(6) A mutant delta ptsH of Escherichia coli was used to obtain a mutation which damages a function of cytoplasmic specific component of the fructose phosphotransferase system--FPr protein.
(7) The concentration dependences of response of frog tongue to D-fructose, D-glucose, and sucrose were almost the same, D-galactose, however, elicited a much larger response in comparison with the other sugars in the whole range of concentrations examined.
(8) Fructose bisphosphatase, a gluconeogenic enzyme, is high along the major portion of the proximal tubule but plummets along the final millimeter of S3.
(9) Linear relationships were also observed between delta psi m and the rate of formation of lactate in cells incubated with fructose and in hepatocytes from fed rats.
(10) From the different shapes of the scattering curves of the native phosphofructokinase at pH 7.5 in the presence of 15 mM ATP and of the cross-linked tetramer or octamer, it can be inferred that the shapes of the protomers are different: in the presence of ATP the protomers are elongated, having an axial ratio of 1.8 to 2.0; the cross-linked state reveals a spherical protomer of radius 33.0 A, similar to that of the native enzyme at pH 7.5 in the presence of fructose 6-phosphate or fructose 1,6-bisphosphate.
(11) Radioactive lactic acid was detected in the drained perfusion solution with D(U-14C)-glucose, but not when D(U-14C)-fructose was used.
(12) In a complete system, consisting of a dye-donor couple, ferredoxin, thioredoxin and ferredoxin-thioredoxin reductase, light activation of purified spinach fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase was observed in vitro.
(13) On incubation for 90 min with fructose 2,6-bisphosphate, about 80% of the substrate appears with an almost linear time dependence as fructose.
(14) Its director, Susanne Logstrup, warned that replacing glucose and sucrose with "healthier" fructose might make people think a drink or food was less fattening.
(15) In a previous paper, the main mutagenic compound isolated from the model reaction system D-fructose, DL-alanine and creatinine was tentatively identified as 4,8-DiMeIQx.
(16) This was associated with an increase in intracellular glucose and decreases in aortic smooth muscle sorbitol and fructose consistent with an inhibition of aldose reductase.
(17) Production of radioactive CO2 from 14C-fructose administered intraperitoneally was studied in 18 male Wistar rats given food containing saccharose with calorific value of 0-56%.
(18) Since intestinal sodium absorption was so enhanced by an actively transported sugar, fructose and galactose perfusion fluids were prepared, and it was found that fructose was less well absorbed than glucose or galactose: in general, the results with these sugars were consistent with the sodium-dependent active transport of galactose and the passive transport of fructose, unrelated to sodium transport.
(19) Administration of different brain fuels--glucose, mannose, fructose, or the ketone beta-hydroxybutyrate--reduced hippocampal damage induced by coadministration of GCs and either of 2 different neurotoxins (kainic acid and 3-acetylpyridine).
(20) The concentrations of fructose 2,6-bisphosphate that gave 50% inhibition of rat muscle and liver enzymes were 6.3 and 1.5 microM, respectively.
Raffinose
Definition:
(n.) A colorless crystalline slightly sweet substance obtained from the molasses of the sugar beet.
Example Sentences:
(1) Isolates of S. equisimilis in the African collection, though few, gave higher rates of lactose and raffinose fermentation, aesculin hydrolysis and positive alpha-galactosidase reactions than those from elsewhere.
(2) The fermentation pattern of the 34 strains with melibiose, raffinose, sucrose, salicin, and sorbitol allowed classification into 11 biotypes.
(3) The enhanced rapid identification method (RIM; Austin Biological Laboratories), a micromethod for the identification of Gardnerella vaginalis, is based on starch and raffinose fermentation and hippurate hydrolysis.
(4) They are negative for indole production, methyl red, H2S production on triple sugar-iron agar, urea hydrolysis, phenylalanine deamination, lysine decarboxylase, gelatin hydrolysis, and fermentation of adonitol, i-inositol, D-sorbitol, and raffinose.
(5) The extracellular fluid volume (ECFV), as raffinose space, and its content of Na, K and Ca were measured in anaesthetized dogs in acute experiments before and during the vascular response to intravenous injections and infusions of noradrenaline, adrenaline, isoprenaline and angiotensin.2.
(6) Based on these results, it is proposed that one tryptophan residue at the saccharide-binding site on each B-chain of CBH lies on the surface of the protein molecule and is located at a subsite which is accessible to a glucopyranoside moiety in the lactose molecule or a glycopyranosyl-fructofuranosyl moiety in the raffinose molecule, whereas such a residue is not present at the galactopyranoside-recognition site.
(7) The IMP2 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is involved in the nucleo-mitochondrial control of maltose, galactose and raffinose utilization as shown by the inability of imp2 mutants to grow on these carbon sources in respiratory-deficient conditions or in the presence of ethidium bromide and erythromycin.
(8) Hyperosmotic cell shrinkage due to addition of 60 mM-NaCl or 120 mM-raffinose inhibited [3H]leucine incorporation into acid-precipitable material by 60 and 74% respectively, whereas hypo-osmotic cell swelling was ineffective.
(9) Thirteen atypical Yersinia enterocolitica isolates, all fermenting rhamnose, raffinose, and melibiose and utilizing sodium citrate within 24 to 48 h at 22 degrees C (Y.e.rh+), were examined biochemically-serologically, and by gas-liquid chromatography.
(10) Raffinose like sucrose is a betta-fructoside which can be hydrolyzed by yeast invertase (beta-fructoside which can be hydrolyzed by yeast invertase (beta-fructofuranoside fructohydrolase).
(11) These 12 strains differed, however, from other Y. enterocolitica previously described in the United States in that they fermented rhamnose and raffinose at 22 C, and failed to grow on Salmonella-Shigella and Hektoen-Enteric agars.
(12) The objective was to increase the effectiveness of RME by using a higher-molecular-weight osmoticum than mannitol, but avoiding the expense of raffinose; reducing the osmolality to a more physiological level; and including a colloid to make the solution suitable for continuous perfusion.
(13) The kinetics of growth in vitro of strains Yersinia enterocolitica, serovars 0:3, 0:5, 0:8 and 0:9, on culture media containing rhamnose, raffinose and sodium succinate and at different temperatures of cultivation (4 degrees, 25 degrees and 37 degrees C) was characterized.
(14) Repressed cells were plated on a raffinose--2-doexyglucose medium and the resistant cells growing up into colonies were tested for glucose non-repressible invertase and maltase.
(15) PGI2 synthesis is controlled by complex mechanisms including adrenoceptor-linked calcium influx and protein kinase C. Since organ preservation solutions may influence these mechanisms, we investigated the effect on in vitro PGI2 synthesis of cold storage of rat aortic rings in lactobionate-raffinose solution (LRS) and hypertonic citrate kidney preservation solution (KPS) on in vitro PGI2 synthesis.
(16) Replacement of glucose in M-K with the impermeable sugar, raffinose had a slight deleterious effect on corneal deturgescence in subsequent culture.
(17) At 37 degrees C D-raffinose activated the growth of the cells of serovars IV and V. The studies on the effect of different substrates on the growth of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis in a wide temperature range acquire great importance for the investigating of the process of infection, revealing some aspects of the microorganism-macroorganism relationship.
(18) dextranase production, colony morphology, cell or chain morphology, fermentation of sorbitol, lactose, galactose, raffinose, melibiose, or fructose, and production of surface protein antigen A (SpaA).
(19) Ingestion of other poorly absorbed solutes such as raffinose, sorbitol, xylitol, magnesium sulphate, and sodium sulphate also significantly depressed the absorption of L-rhamnose; in contrast, more efficiently absorbed solutes, such as sodium chloride, glucose, glycerol, and urea had little effect.
(20) Rat liver transplants were performed in order to assess the importance of the impermeant anion lactobionate and the trisaccharide raffinose on the effectiveness of a simplified variant of UW solution for liver preservation by simple cold storage.