What's the difference between fund and sum?

Fund


Definition:

  • (n.) An aggregation or deposit of resources from which supplies are or may be drawn for carrying on any work, or for maintaining existence.
  • (n.) A stock or capital; a sum of money appropriated as the foundation of some commercial or other operation undertaken with a view to profit; that reserve by means of which expenses and credit are supported; as, the fund of a bank, commercial house, manufacturing corporation, etc.
  • (n.) The stock of a national debt; public securities; evidences (stocks or bonds) of money lent to government, for which interest is paid at prescribed intervals; -- called also public funds.
  • (n.) An invested sum, whose income is devoted to a specific object; as, the fund of an ecclesiastical society; a fund for the maintenance of lectures or poor students; also, money systematically collected to meet the expenses of some permanent object.
  • (n.) A store laid up, from which one may draw at pleasure; a supply; a full provision of resources; as, a fund of wisdom or good sense.
  • (v. t.) To provide and appropriate a fund or permanent revenue for the payment of the interest of; to make permanent provision of resources (as by a pledge of revenue from customs) for discharging the interest of or principal of; as, to fund government notes.
  • (v. t.) To place in a fund, as money.
  • (v. t.) To put into the form of bonds or stocks bearing regular interest; as, to fund the floating debt.

Example Sentences:

  • (1) This may have significant consequences for people’s health.” However, Prof Peter Weissberg, medical director of the British Heart Foundation, which funded the work, said medical journals could no longer be relied on to be unbiased.
  • (2) At the heart of the payday loan profit bonanza is the "continuous payment authority" (CPA) agreement, which allows lenders to access customer bank accounts to retrieve funds.
  • (3) The International Monetary Fund, which has long urged Nigeria to remove the subsidy, supports the move.
  • (4) Neal’s evidence to the committee said Future Fund staff were not subject to the public service bargaining framework, which links any pay rise to productivity increases and caps rises at 1.5%.
  • (5) It comes as the museum is transforming itself in the wake of major cuts in its government funding and looking more towards private-sector funding, a move that has caused some unease about its future direction.
  • (6) The Department for International Development (DfID) defines funding provided under the VUP as "financial aid to government".
  • (7) Last week the WHO said the outbreak had reached a critical point, and announced a $200m (£120m) emergency fund.
  • (8) She was clearly elected on a pledge not to cut school funding and that’s exactly what is happening,” Corbyn said.
  • (9) That’s a criticism echoed by Democrats in the Senate, who issued a report earlier this month criticising Republicans for passing sweeping legislation in July to combat addiction , the Comprehensive Addiction and Recovery Act (Cara), but refusing to fund it.
  • (10) The organisation initially focused on education, funding the Indian company BYJU’s, which helps students learn maths and science, and the Nigerian company Andela, which trains African software developers.
  • (11) Similarly, I would like to see fully funded and resourced public services.
  • (12) It is anomalous that the world is equipped with global funds to finance action on infectious diseases and climate change, but not humanitarian crises.
  • (13) Two years later, Trump tweeted that “Obama’s motto” was: “If I don’t go on taxpayer funded vacations & constantly fundraise then the terrorists win.” The joke, it turns out, is on Trump.
  • (14) For further education, this would be my priority: a substantial increase in funding and an end to tinkering with the form of qualifications and bland repetition of the “parity of esteem” trope.
  • (15) The green fund contributions already announced (which include a $3bn pledge by the US and a $1.5bn pledge by Japan revealed during the G20 summit) “show very clearly that if we want the emerging countries and the more fragile countries to participate in this global growth, we have to ... support them,” Hollande said.
  • (16) Part of his initial lump sum will be donated to a fund to replace a hall destroyed by fire in an arson attack four years ago at St Luke’s Church in Newton Poppleford.
  • (17) #kflead May 21, 2014 The King's Fund IKS (@kingsfund_lib) Hope you enjoyed @GregSearle2012 's #kflead workshop!
  • (18) In 2013 it successfully applied for a Visa Innovation Grant , a fund for development and non-profit organisations seeking to adopt or expand the use of electronic payments to those living below the poverty line.
  • (19) We know that from the rapid take up of crowd funded renewables investors are actively looking for a more secure option.
  • (20) "If necessary we will promote and encourage new laws which require future WHO funding to be provided only if the organisation accepts that all reports must be supported by the preponderance of science."

Sum


Definition:

  • (n.) The aggregate of two or more numbers, magnitudes, quantities, or particulars; the amount or whole of any number of individuals or particulars added together; as, the sum of 5 and 7 is 12.
  • (n.) A quantity of money or currency; any amount, indefinitely; as, a sum of money; a small sum, or a large sum.
  • (n.) The principal points or thoughts when viewed together; the amount; the substance; compendium; as, this is the sum of all the evidence in the case; this is the sum and substance of his objections.
  • (n.) Height; completion; utmost degree.
  • (n.) A problem to be solved, or an example to be wrought out.
  • (v. t.) To bring together into one whole; to collect into one amount; to cast up, as a column of figures; to ascertain the totality of; -- usually with up.
  • (v. t.) To bring or collect into a small compass; to comprise in a few words; to condense; -- usually with up.
  • (v. t.) To have (the feathers) full grown; to furnish with complete, or full-grown, plumage.

Example Sentences:

  • (1) Median effect analysis was applied for the evaluation of in vitro effect by the growth inhibition, and the in vivo effect by comparison of the increase of life span (ILS) in a combined group with the sum of ILS's in 2 single agent groups.
  • (2) Sonographic images of the gallbladder enable satisfactory approximation of gallbladder volume using the sum-of-cylinders method.
  • (3) It is shown that, by comparison of a reacting mixture at chemical equilibrium with a non-reacting but equally composed one, the sum of the mean concentrations of the reaction products can immediately be taken from optical absorption or from interferometric measurements.
  • (4) The visitors did have a chance to pull another back with three minutes remaining but Henry blazed a free-kick from within range on the left over the bar, summing up Wolves’ day out in the East Midlands.
  • (5) The norms are reported as "Scaled Score Equivalents of Raw Scores" for each age group and as "IQ Equivalents of Sums of Scaled Scores."
  • (6) The molar refractivity has been shown to be a superior parameter for the description of the activity of sulphonamides than the sum of electronegativities of atoms making up a heterocyclic substituent in the sulphonamide molecule and molecular weight of the substituent.
  • (7) Part of his initial lump sum will be donated to a fund to replace a hall destroyed by fire in an arson attack four years ago at St Luke’s Church in Newton Poppleford.
  • (8) The length of the diaphragmatic wall of the heart in both the right and left ventricle was equal to the sum of the length of the inflow tract and the thickness of the ventricular wall at the apex.
  • (9) Nickname: SuperSarko the Omnipresident Quote: "What made me who I am now is the sum of all the humiliations suffered during childhood."
  • (10) This structure is further characterized by approaches of both the carbonyl and the furan O atoms to ring H atoms with separations which are slightly less than the sum of the relevant van der Waals radii.
  • (11) The amount of gallium in 'blood-free' tissues was measured by correcting for gallium in residual blood and an estimate of intestinal absorption was then made by summing the values for all tissues examined.
  • (12) Enzyme levels in strains with concurrent mutations in both regulatory genes are considerably higher than the sum of the levels in strains with a cytR or a deoR mutation alone, indicating a certain co-operativity between the two repressor proteins.
  • (13) Transfer of nonprofessional tasks out of nursing and reduction of tension arising from reduced responsibility of nurses for coordinating activities with ancillary departments are possible explanations for the positive relation between the presence of SUM and professional nurses' satisfaction.
  • (14) The Soret MCD of the reduced protein is interpreted as th sum of two MCD curves: an intense, asymmetric MCD band very similar to that exhibited by deoxymyoglobin which we assign to paramagnetic high spin cytochrome a3(2+) and a weaker, more symmetric MCD contribution, which is attributed to diamagnetic low spin cytochrome a2+.
  • (15) In sum, these studies demonstrate the novel phospholipid ceramide 1-phosphate in HL-60 cells and suggest the possibility that a path exists from sphingomyelin to ceramide 1-phosphate via the phosphorylation of ceramide.
  • (16) During bilateral displacements, the activity induced by the respective contralateral leg is linearly summed or subtracted, depending on whether the legs are displaced in the same or in opposite directions.
  • (17) Binaural difference waves (BDWs), obtained by subtracting the sum of two monaural BAEPs from a binaural BAEP, were obtained in 16- to 20-day-old jaundiced Gunn rats before and after injection of sulfadimethoxine, which produces bilirubin neurotoxicity by promoting net transfer of bilirubin out of the circulation into brain tissue.
  • (18) The index was calculated by dividing the sum of the count rates over both knees and both wrists by the dose of technetium given.
  • (19) A "peeling" technique was used to estimate the time constants (tau 0 and tau 1) and coefficients (a0 and a1) of the first two exponential terms of the series of exponential terms whose sum represented the slope of the voltage response.
  • (20) To determine the effectiveness of nitroglycerin, alone or with phenylephrine, during AMI in man, 12 patients (five or whom had left heart failure) were evaluated by summing ST-segment abnormalities (sigmaST) from 35 precordial electrodes.

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