(n.) A kind of verbal noun, having only the four oblique cases of the singular number, and governing cases like a participle.
(n.) A verbal noun ending in -e, preceded by to and usually denoting purpose or end; -- called also the dative infinitive; as, "Ic haebbe mete to etanne" (I have meat to eat.) In Modern English the name has been applied to verbal or participal nouns in -ing denoting a transitive action; e. g., by throwing a stone.
Example Sentences:
(1) A gerund is a verb ending in -ing that acts as a noun: I like swimming, smoking is bad for you, and so on.
(2) A research on the acquisition of morphemes of plural, diminutive, augmentative, gerund, imperfect, and preterite with 109 Spanish children from 3 to 6 is reported.
(3) Thirty years on from the riots, one walks up Prince's Avenue, past what was the incinerated Rialto and the sign into Toxteth, and yet another sign promising imminent arrival into the "Regeneration Zone", and showing pictures of a perfect cereal-packet multiracial family, pristine modern houses and beautifully refurbished original stock – beneath which is the inevitable crass slogan that accompanies every corporate or political effort these days, always beginning with a pretentious gerund, in this case: "Creating neighbourhoods for the future".
(4) Four hundred and twenty-seven deaf students (age 10 to 19 years) and 60 hearing children (age eight to 10 years) judged the grammaticality of sample sentences which contained infinitival or gerundive complements.
(5) 7 Don't fear the gerund Geoffrey Willans and Ronald Searle's guide to life at St Custard's school , How to Be Topp, features a cartoon in which a gerund attacks some peaceful pronouns, but it is nothing to be afraid of.
Participle
Definition:
(n.) A part of speech partaking of the nature both verb and adjective; a form of a verb, or verbal adjective, modifying a noun, but taking the adjuncts of the verb from which it is derived. In the sentences: a letter is written; being asleep he did not hear; exhausted by toil he will sleep soundly, -- written, being, and exhaustedare participles.
(a.) Anything that partakes of the nature of different things.
Example Sentences:
(1) There's only 10 of each, so those who covet them need to move quickly ( madebynode.com )… Greenspeak: Daylighting {dey-lie-t'ing} present participle Trend in architecture (possibly because we're not that keen on eco bulbs) to illuminate with natural daylight, making particular use of skylights.
(2) A mong the many challenges of writing is dealing with rules of correct usage: whether to worry about split infinitives, fused participles, and the meanings of words such as "fortuitous", "decimate" and "comprise".
(3) "[Such] families do not feel properly listened to or understood," Participle's principal partner Hilary Cottam has written.
(4) Where the ridges of these domains intersect, numerous 85-A participles apparently pile up against tight junctional remnants, creating arrays recognizable as gap junctions.
(5) For Creative Use of the Past Participle, take a bow Alan "He needed to take that on early, and that's what he done" Shearer, and for Significant Efforts in Avoiding Adverbs, once more, we salute the Redknapp family.
(6) For one project, Participle spent more than two years with Ella and her family.
(7) Many participles have turned into prepositions, such as "according", "allowing", "concerning", "considering", "excepting", "following", "given", "granted", "owing", "regarding" and "respecting", and they don't need subjects at all.
(8) Featherstone et al's work echoes that of Participle , an organisation that redesigns public services in collaboration with service users and staff.
(9) There were times when I tumbled into the crevice between the two languages, lost all sight of a natural English sentence, felt myself turning into the constituent molecules of a linguistic object – a pattern of auxiliaries, participles, pronouns.