What's the difference between groove and vallecula?
Groove
Definition:
(n.) A furrow, channel, or long hollow, such as may be formed by cutting, molding, grinding, the wearing force of flowing water, or constant travel; a depressed way; a worn path; a rut.
(n.) Hence: The habitual course of life, work, or affairs; fixed routine.
(n.) A shaft or excavation.
(v. t.) To cut a groove or channel in; to form into channels or grooves; to furrow.
Example Sentences:
(1) The ligands bind at discrete sites in the minor groove of DNA, and analysis on DNA sequencing gels show pronounced protection at the ligand binding sites, as well as more generalized protection.
(2) Recent reports have indicated the usefulness of nuclear grooves (clefts or notches) as an additional criterion for the diagnosis of papillary thyroid carcinoma in fine needle aspirates; most of these studies were carried out on alcohol-fixed material stained with the Papanicolaou stain or with hematoxylin and eosin, which yield good nuclear details.
(3) Intermolecular contacts occur in both oligomers in the minor groove: in the B form through twisted guanine-guanine hydrogen bonding, and in the Z form through base-base stacking and the water network.
(4) The nogalose and aminoglucose sugars lie in the minor and major grooves, respectively, of the distorted B-DNA double helix.
(5) The AFB1 moiety is face-stacked in the major groove with its long axis approximately perpendicular to the helix axis.
(6) These results strongly indicate that metallobleomycin binds in the minor groove of B-DNA and that the 2-amino group of guanine adjacent to the 5' side of the cleaved pyrimidine base is one key element of the specific 5' G-C or G-T recognition by the bleomycin-metal complex.
(7) As a basis for the discussion a possible structure for the DNA complex of the phenylated neutral red is considered in which the extra phenyl ring at N-5 of the phenazinium system, protrudes into the large groove of the DNA helix while the tricyclic part of the ligand is inserted between the DNA base-pairs.
(8) A high intensity of the reactions was observed in certain cells of the neural groove in 24-hours' embryos and in the neural tube of 48-hours' embryos.
(9) Recent STM studies of calf thymus DNA and poly(rA).poly(rU) have shown that the helical pitch and periodic alternation of major and minor grooves can be visualized and reliably measured.
(10) In the absence of boxes or grooves, pins markedly enhanced both retention and resistance.
(11) Therefore in artificial knee replacement a lateral tilt of the patella sliding groove should not be propagated as 'physiological'.
(12) Many antitumor drugs, and many carcinogens, act by binding within the minor groove of double-helical DNA, interfering with both replication and transcription.
(13) This instrument, a modification of a corneal trephine, provides a neat, smooth groove of adjustable depth.
(14) and the fluid ejected from the ejaculatory groove region (about 0.2 ml.).
(15) 3) The significance of minor groove Mtase-DNA interactions to specificity is confirmed.
(16) (v) The bis-benzimidazole drug Hoechst-33258, which binds in the minor groove of B-DNA, exhibits very little fluorescence in the presence of the ps hairpins but a normal, enhanced emission with the aps oligonucleotides.
(17) We have studied the time-resolved and the steady-state fluorescence of the DNA groove binders 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) and Hoechst 33258 with the double stranded DNAs poly(dA-dU) and poly(dI-dC) and their halogenated analogs, poly(dA-I5dU) and poly(dI-Br5dC).
(18) The complexation-induced chemical shifts and NOE cross peaks in the NOESY map of the 1:1 complex of lexitropsin (1) and d-[CGCAATTGCG]2 reveal that the thiazole ring of the lexitropsin (1) intercalates between dA4.A5 bases and the rest of the ligand resides in the minor groove of the AT rich core of decamer, thus occupying the 5'-AATT sequence on the DNA.
(19) All cases had true hypertelorism and a median nasal groove with absence of the nasal tip.
(20) Distamycin, Hoechst 33258, and DAPI were used as agents capable of AT-specific binding in the minor groove of DNA while producing no profound long-range distortion of DNA structure.
Vallecula
Definition:
(n.) A groove; a fossa; as, the vallecula, or fossa, which separates the hemispheres of the cerebellum.
(n.) One of the grooves, or hollows, between the ribs of the fruit of umbelliferous plants.
Example Sentences:
(1) Experimentally induced tongue contact with a variety of solid surfaces during lapping (an activity involving accumulation of a liquid bolus in the valleculae) induced neither increased jaw opening nor the additional EMG pattern.
(2) A case of hypopharyngeal carcinoma (in a 36-year-old man) is reported in which, after blunt dissection of the oesophagus via a posterior mediastinal tunnel without thoracotomy, the stomach was mobilized and its fundus anastomosed to the pharynx at the level of the vallecula.
(3) The valleculae epiglotticae are a definite oropharyngeal anatomical entity, and deserve the attention of maxillofacial surgeons, who should be able to suggest a surgical treatment of cancers that would be practicable both from a functional and from an oncological point of view.
(4) Our experience includes eight patients who had advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue base, vallecula, and the supraglottic larynx.
(5) The case is reported of a 64-year-old man in whom a pedunculated tumor of the Vallecula epiglottica occurred and was excised.
(6) In all of the occluded M1 portions of the MCA the flow void was absent and there were isointense linear structures, with or without a hyperintense component in the Sylvian vallecula, on T1-weighted images.
(7) The cancer spread may superiorly involve the epilarynx, the vallecula, the base of the tongue, and the pyriform fossa; however, inferiorly, the invasion of the glottis is quite exceptional (1 percent of cases); therefore, supraglottic laryngectomy is the operation of choice.
(8) By following the hyoepiglottic ligament, precise entry into the vallecula was routine.
(9) The tip of the McIntosh laryngoscope is inserted into the valleculae instead of loading up the epiglottis as is done with the normal laryngoscope.
(10) Results showed significant gains in pharyngeal transit times, amount of material aspirated, amount of residue in the valleculae and pyriform sinuses, and number of swallows required to clear the oropharynx.
(11) One tumour was found in the left vallecula in the hypopharynx and the other on the left vocal cord.
(12) Two cases arising in the pyriform fossa and vallecula are reported, both of which were associated with second primary malignant tumors: esophageal small cell carcinoma and palatal squamous cell carcinoma, respectively.
(13) Owing to the development of the opercula and resultant depression of the insula, after seven months of gestation the middle cerebral artery and its branches, begin to differentiate into the vallecular (related to the sylvian vallecula or fronto-temporal notch), insular (related to the insular cortex), opercular (related to the frontal, parietal and temporal opercula) and convexity segments (related to the convex side of the hemisphere).
(14) Dionosil more reliably defined the epiglottis, valleculae, and pyriform fossae.
(15) This paper describes an operation in which the mobilized stomach is transposed after blunt dissection of the oesophagus via a posterior mediastinal tunnel without thoracotomy to a position high in the neck, with anastomosis of the fundus to the pharynx at the level of vallecula.
(16) The report deals with a case of epidermoid carcinoma of the vallecula with widespread sebaceous differentiaton.
(17) Ingestion of liquid (which involved continuous accumulation of a liquid bolus in the valleculae prior to swallowing) was associated with cycles of oral movement in which 02 was small; tongue retraction was associated with this opening.
(18) Videofluoroscopy showed abnormalities of varying severity, including unilateral bolus transport through the pharynx, pooling in the valleculae or pyriform sinuses, delayed pharyngeal constriction, and impaired tongue movements.
(19) There was no significant difference in transit times between right-sided and left-sided lesions except for the segmental interval from onset of bolus movement to arrival at the valleculae, which was significant at p = 0.05.
(20) A method of infiltration anesthesia is described whereby profound anesthesia of the base of the tongue, valleculae, and larynx can be achieved to allow suspension laryngoscopy.