What's the difference between ground and scarification?
Ground
Definition:
(imp. & p. p.) of Grind
(n.) The surface of the earth; the outer crust of the globe, or some indefinite portion of it.
(n.) A floor or pavement supposed to rest upon the earth.
(n.) Any definite portion of the earth's surface; region; territory; country. Hence: A territory appropriated to, or resorted to, for a particular purpose; the field or place of action; as, a hunting or fishing ground; a play ground.
(n.) Land; estate; possession; field; esp. (pl.), the gardens, lawns, fields, etc., belonging to a homestead; as, the grounds of the estate are well kept.
(n.) The basis on which anything rests; foundation. Hence: The foundation of knowledge, belief, or conviction; a premise, reason, or datum; ultimate or first principle; cause of existence or occurrence; originating force or agency; as, the ground of my hope.
(n.) That surface upon which the figures of a composition are set, and which relieves them by its plainness, being either of one tint or of tints but slightly contrasted with one another; as, crimson Bowers on a white ground.
(n.) In sculpture, a flat surface upon which figures are raised in relief.
(n.) In point lace, the net of small meshes upon which the embroidered pattern is applied; as, Brussels ground. See Brussels lace, under Brussels.
(n.) A gummy composition spread over the surface of a metal to be etched, to prevent the acid from eating except where an opening is made by the needle.
(n.) One of the pieces of wood, flush with the plastering, to which moldings, etc., are attached; -- usually in the plural.
(n.) A composition in which the bass, consisting of a few bars of independent notes, is continually repeated to a varying melody.
(n.) The tune on which descants are raised; the plain song.
(n.) A conducting connection with the earth, whereby the earth is made part of an electrical circuit.
(n.) Sediment at the bottom of liquors or liquids; dregs; lees; feces; as, coffee grounds.
(n.) The pit of a theater.
(v. t.) To lay, set, or run, on the ground.
(v. t.) To found; to fix or set, as on a foundation, reason, or principle; to furnish a ground for; to fix firmly.
(v. t.) To instruct in elements or first principles.
(v. t.) To connect with the ground so as to make the earth a part of an electrical circuit.
(v. t.) To cover with a ground, as a copper plate for etching (see Ground, n., 5); or as paper or other materials with a uniform tint as a preparation for ornament.
(v. i.) To run aground; to strike the bottom and remain fixed; as, the ship grounded on the bar.
() imp. & p. p. of Grind.
Example Sentences:
(1) Hoursoglou thinks a shortage of skilled people with a good grounding in core subjects such as maths and science is a potential problem for all manufacturers.
(2) The manufacturers, British Aerospace describe it as a "single-seat, radar equipped, lightweight, multi-role combat aircraft, providing comprehensive air defence and ground attack capability".
(3) The hospital whose A&E unit has been threatened with closure on safety grounds has admitted that four patients died after errors by staff in the emergency department and other areas.
(4) Keep it in the ground campaign Though they draw on completely different archives, leaked documents, and interviews with ex-employees, they reach the same damning conclusion: Exxon knew all that there was to know about climate change decades ago, and instead of alerting the rest of us denied the science and obstructed the politics of global warming.
(5) For this to work, its leaders had to be able to at least influence the behaviour and tactics of the militant operators on the ground.
(6) One thousand nineteen Wyoming ground squirrels (Spermophilus elegans elegans) from 4 populations in southern Wyoming were examined for intestinal parasites.
(7) Unlike most birds of prey, which are territorial and fight each other over nesting and hunting grounds, the hen harrier nests close to other harriers.
(8) I had loan sharks turning up at the training ground when I was at Ipswich [2011-13].
(9) This week, Umande broke ground on the first of a series of toilet block biocentres in a slum in Kisumu, near Lake Victoria.
(10) But in a setback to the UK, Somaliland, which broke away from Somalia in 1991, refused British entreaties to attend on the grounds that it would not have been treated as equal to the Somali government.
(11) On land, the pits' stagnant pools of water become breeding grounds for dengue fever and malaria.
(12) We conclude that the concept of the limbic system cannot be accepted on empirical grounds.
(13) On the grounds of the reported paediatric cases, the erudition in childhood is compared with the more common form in the adult, and is found to be much less linked with diabetes mellitus and to have a far better prognosis, with practically no mortality.
(14) It seems like an awfully long way from the ground.” He added: “When I was younger, I dreamed of being an astronaut, but I also wanted to be a policeman or a firebreather.
(15) We come to see that some traditions keep us grounded, but that, in our modern world, other traditions set us back.” Female genital mutilation (FGM) affects more than 130 million girls and women around the world.
(16) Differentiation on histopathological grounds between this tumour and the more common juvenile melanoma may be difficult, but this important distinction should be possible in almost all cases.
(17) For Burroughs, who had been publishing ground-breaking books for 20 years without much appreciable financial return, it was association with fame and the music industry, as well as the possible benefits: a wider readership, film hook-ups and more money.
(18) United and West Ham are on similar runs and can feel pretty happy about themselves but are not as confident away from home as they are at home and that will have to change if they are to make ground on the top teams.
(19) But today, Americans increasingly no longer shy away from saying they oppose mosques on the grounds that Muslims are a threat or different.
(20) One of the reasons for doing this study is to give a voice to women trapped in this epidemic,” said Dr Catherine Aiken, academic clinical lecturer in the department of obstetrics and gynaecology of the University of Cambridge, “and to bring to light that with all the virology, the vaccination and containment strategy and all the great things that people are doing, there is no voice for those women on the ground.” In a supplement to the study, the researchers have published some of the emails to Women on Web which reveal their fears.
Scarification
Definition:
(n.) The act of scarifying.
Example Sentences:
(1) Finally, in all wounds, it offers the best conditions for cutting, scarification of the wound and perifocal infiltrative treatment with anti-ophidic serum.
(2) An additional 117 patients with similar characteristics were treated with the same program with the addition of bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) by scarification (FAC-BCG-LMS).
(3) These results support the view that splenosubcutaneous collaterals, stimulated by scarification, are essential for successful portal diversion.
(4) One mutant had a decreased transmission from mice infected by tail scarification to naive cage mates.
(5) Eighty mice were subjected to repeated inoculation of HSV-1 on their upper lips after scarification, and systemic administration of acyclovir (ACV).
(6) Vaccinia virus infection was performed by scarification of the shaved skin (5 times 5 cm2) on the back of Pirbright guinea pigs.
(7) Microsurgical interventions, such as scarification of epithelium, dosed local keratectomy of superficial pathologically changed portions of the cornea with subsequent epicorneal covering by keracol, allowed to arrest the pathologic process within 3-10 days in 85% of patients; in the control group--the same results were achieved in 68.4% of cases.
(8) As a result, many physicians feel pressured by their patients to replace the intradermal route of administration with scarification and to replace strong strains with weaker strains of vaccine.
(9) In all subjects scarification of forearm skin was carried out three times at intervals of 3 days.
(10) The chemoimmunotherapy consisted of a three-drug combination of Adriamycin, cyclophosphamide, and 5-fluorouracil or Ftorafur; immunotherapy consisted of either oral levamisole, BCG by scarification, or a combination of both.
(11) Scarification vaccination induced humoral and cell-mediated immune responses.
(12) The immunological status of seven patients with disseminated melanoma during BCG scarification was followed.
(13) We used the Collings knife electrode for the creation of a nephrostomy tract in 17 patients (19 renal units) with difficult percutaneous access due to scarification, or the inability to advance a guide wire sufficiently for stabilization and dilation by conventional means.
(14) This is an unusual complication of the scarification technique.
(15) Herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV) infection of trigeminal and dorsal root ganglia was established in mice via corneal scarification and footpad injection, respectively.
(16) The morphological and ultrastructural findings indicated that the presence of air induced a reactive process at the visceral pleura which led to degeneration and scarification.
(17) Serological efficacy of oral smallpox vaccination was studied in comparison with the scarification and jet methods (1677 persons were vaccinated orally, 148 by scarification, and 1864 by the jet method).
(18) Scarification commenced 3 days after surgical removal of the tumor and continued once a week for 5 weeks.
(19) Six patients with recurrent bladder papillomata were treated both by abdominal scarification with bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) and by intravesical BCG, without resection.
(20) 4 different protocols were used: the slow drip intravenous infusion with paraformaldehyde-fixed autologous cells infected with V25; repeated scarification with V25 for the 2nd protocol; scarifications with fragments of Gp 120 env protein; and intramuscular injections of purified autologous cell membrane infected with V25.