(1) Based on the fact that all hibernators, at their regulated minimal body temperature, display a uniform turnover rate, related to body weight, the hypothesis is developed that cold tolerance of mammals is generally limited by a common specific minimal metabolic rate, which larger organisms, because of their lower basal metabolism, already attain in less profound hypothermia.
(2) Throughout the hibernation season (October to April), white adipose tissue-saturated FA percentage decreased, monoene percentage remained constant, and diene percentage increased.
(3) The role of cyclic changes of protein synthesis rate in adaptation of cells of hibernating mammals to functioning at various temperatures is discussed.
(4) In this animal, central vasopressin infusion during the winter prevents hibernation.
(5) To clarify the cause of uncoupling of Ca influx through Ca channels and the contractility of the myocardium in hibernating chipmunks, the electromechanical effects of two different internal Ca store inhibitors, caffeine and ryanodine, and a cardiotonic agent, isoprenaline, were investigated in papillary muscles of hibernating animals.
(6) The mechanism(s) regulating the duration of the period of hibernation was considered to be concerned with some aspect of metabolism and probably the same for all three species.
(7) The possible mechanisms in regulation of the respiration rate of mitochondria from liver of hibernating ground squirrels have been investigated.
(8) Does ursodeoxycholic acid (UDC) production protect hibernating species of Ursidae against gallstone disease?
(9) Such responses to equithesin were not observed in the non-hibernating rodent species.
(10) In neurons from other structures (lateral septum, medial preoptic area, hippocampus) in the brain slices of both hibernating and waking ground squirrels, thyrotropin-releasing hormone did not usually affect the level of spontaneous discharges.
(11) Fetal mesencephalic tissue was grafted into the lateral ventricle following pregraft refrigeration in calcium-free magnesium-free buffer at 4 degrees C. Fetal mesencephalic tissue was hibernated for 5, 12, 16, 20, 24, 28, 32 hours (group A, B, C, D, E, F and G, respectively).
(12) We find that during hibernation the marrow cavity of the long bones is filled with lipid deposits interspersed with vascular sinusoids containing mononuclear cells and red blood cells.
(13) Ten milligrams of lyophilized plasma albumin fractions from hibernating ground squirrels, woodchucks, black bears, and polar bears produced similar inhibition, with partial reversal by naloxone.
(14) We studied nutrient absorption across the brush-border membrane in jejunal tissues from active 13-lined ground squirrels and in hibernating squirrels that had not eaten for at least 6 wk.
(15) Plasma ANF of both groups of nonhibernating marmots was significantly higher (P less than 0.01) than that the hibernating group, but there was no difference between nonhibernating males and females.
(16) The CG and associated DB were therefore found to exert antagonistic effects which are responsible for the control of spermatogonial DNA synthesis in hibernating Helix aspersa.
(17) U69593, however, antagonized hibernation induced by HIT in summer active ground squirrels.
(18) Grafted fetal mesencephalic tissue which had been hibernated for 16 hours or less survived well.
(19) Over 60% of the blood CO2 stores accumulated at the beginning of the hibernation bout were released by hyperventilation during the first period, prior to the full development of thermogenesis.
(20) The heart of ground squirrels is covered by a large amount of brown adipose tissue during the whole period of hibernation.
Torpid
Definition:
(a.) Having lost motion, or the power of exertion and feeling; numb; benumbed; as, a torpid limb.
(a.) Dull; stupid; sluggish; inactive.
Example Sentences:
(1) With the cultures of mycoplasmas obtained from the eyes of human patients suffering from sympathetic ophthalmia, it was possible to produce the same symptoms in chickens as were described by the author in 1950 in sympathizing and sympathized human eyes, namely: torpid uveitis and papillitis, which dragged on for months, and affected not only the inoculated right eye, but also, after 3 weeks and more, the untouched left eye.
(2) In the absence of the effect, two latter variants of ulcers should be treated in the same way as primary torpid ulcers.
(3) Torpid facial ulcerations may occur as a result of lesions involving the trigeminal fibers.
(4) However, the slope of the relationship between C' and BM is almost 4-fold greater for normothermic than for torpid animals.
(5) The installation promotes acceleration of the correct diagnosis under the torpid and chronic inflammatory processes in the urethra.
(6) Obese mice were also torpid during the dark phase, whereas lean mice were active and had a normal body temperature at this time.
(7) The torpid type was significantly more frequently observed in patients with subclinical (asymptomatic) hymenolepiasis course than in patients with its clinical manifestation.
(8) The amount of secretion, hydrochloric acid, pepsin, and gastromuco-protein were decreased, the secretory effect being more slowly developed, the torpid secretion type being observed.
(9) On the whole, MBF is a benign condition; however, torpid forms are increasingly reported.
(10) The authors examined 120 patients with schizophrenia (torpid and paroxysmal-progressive) whose disease at different stages of its course was complicated by exogenous impacts (head trauma in 66 cases, neuroinfection in 15, intoxication in 16 and vascular brain disease in 23).
(11) All hormone levels were lower in torpid toads, which were found underground 1 week before the start of the breeding migration, than in active toads in the breeding season, although the levels were higher than those in the other months.
(12) On the basis of these findings a conclusion can be drawn that most of the cases of schizophrenia manifested in old age by the syndrome of involutional paranoid belong to a group of diseases with an early onset, prolonged torpid or latent course, and with increased progression of the process in advanced age.
(13) Because all species underwent seasonal changes in their patterns of hibernation, animals were compared in mid-winter when the duration of euthermic intervals was short and relatively constant and when the duration of torpid intervals was at its longest.
(14) The clinical picture was rather torpid, with a body temperature below 38 degrees C in 42 p. 100 of the cases, which delayed the diagnosis: the mean time interval between onset and diagnosis was 20 days.
(15) The authors consider it desirable that the following forms of this condition be singled out as a nosologic entity: (1) atopic neurodermatitis, a hereditary disease with characteristic immunologic shifts; (2) chronic diffuse neurodermatitis of adults, a disease developed by subjects without atopic anamnesis, characterized by a torpid course; remissions and exacerbations are not season-associated; (3) chronic local neurodermatitis, a disease with a typical morphology in foci of involvement, with prolonged remissions following intensive local therapy.
(16) The torpid process of chronic bronchitis, the two-phase pattern of the disease, dyspnea at 3-4 month intervals, intermissions, edema and failure of complex therapy with antibiotics and cardiac glycosides provided a tentative diagnosis of Legionella pneumonia with affection of the myocardium.
(17) Winter outdoor animals experiencing normal torpidity, however, exhibited reduced ATPase activity by about 50%.
(18) The patients with the left lesion were more characterized by psychastheniclike features, motor inhibition with marked rigidity and emotive poverty, torpidity of affects, hypochondriasis, readiness for overvalued formations.
(19) Herpes type infections in AIDS patients tend to be more severe, generalized and have a torpid evolution.
(20) Body contact with euthermic nestmates warmed torpid marmots passively.