(n.) A substance of very wide occurrence. It is found dissolved in the sap of the roots and rhizomes of many composite and other plants, as Inula, Helianthus, Campanula, etc., and is extracted by solution as a tasteless, white, semicrystalline substance, resembling starch, with which it is isomeric. It is intermediate in nature between starch and sugar. Called also dahlin, helenin, alantin, etc.
Example Sentences:
(1) Modest reductions in renal function as measured by clearances of inulin and p-aminohippurate occurred acutely only in the patients with renal impairment.
(2) Induction of NSN resulted in a significant fall of inulin clearance (Cin) and paraaminohippurate clearance at 2 hours, 24 hours, and 7 days in both groups.
(3) Linear regression analyses (LRA) were performed to determine whether the percentage dose at various time intervals after injection correlated with GFR calculated on the basis of creatinine and inulin clearance data.
(4) Sera depleted of terminal complement components by treatment with inulin or cobra venom factor and C8-deficient human serum did not support phagocytosis of the test strains.
(5) The drug and inulin were injected into the right internal carotid artery as a rapid bolus and the venous outflow curve at the posterior facial vein was obtained.
(6) The present study demonstrates that this fluorocarbon perfusion technique maintains the integrity of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), as evidenced by the small volume (1.77-3.33%) accessible to [carboxyl-14C]inulin.
(7) Brain uptake of inulin and methotrexate was significantly increased in the dogs made hydrocephalic 4 weeks prior to perfusion, but was less so in the 8-week hydrocephalics.
(8) Inulin clearance was minimally enhanced, and para-aminohippuran clearance was slightly decreased by candoxatril in both groups.
(9) The glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was measured using a continuous inulin infusion in control, treadmill running, and swimming experiments in intact and splenectomized dogs.
(10) The influence of various medium supplements on Sertoli cell (Sc) monolayer permeability to [3H]inulin and polarized secretion of transferrin (Trf) and androgen-binding protein (ABP) was investigated in a two-compartment culture chamber.
(11) This could only be explained if these compounds distributed with the albumin space and not the inulin space.
(12) Polyethylene glycol (PEG 4000) and [(14)C]inulin served as water markers.2.
(13) Mean creatinine clearance (Ccreat) in donor was 78% that of controls, which was similar to the 85% ratio of inulin clearance (Cin) in donors compared with that of controls.
(14) By measuring inulin clearance, lithium clearance and urinary excretion rates of sodium and water, the changes in proximal and distal tubular sodium handling were dissociated.
(15) Three dialysis membranes, including a polyacrilonitrile membrane, a polycarbonate membrane and a cuprophan membrane coated with charcoal, have been compared with cuprophan in order to assess their ability to clear from aqueous solution and plasma, substances thought to be of pathogenetic importance in hepatic coma (ammonia, short chain fatty acids and mercaptans), some protein bound (glycocholate and bromsulphthalein) and some middle molecular weight molecules (ethylenediaminetetracetic acid, cyanocobalamin and inulin).
(16) Glomerular filtration rates obtained by this method (method A) and those obtained with two widely used single-injection techniques, the slope-intercept method (method B), and the two-compartment method (method C), were compared with GFRs obtained by standard inulin clearance techniques in 14 dogs.
(17) For unknown reasons, multiple doses of these liposomes resulted in further reduction in ocular inulin absorption when compared with single doses.
(18) It was shown that the degradative products of levan or inulin and low concentrations of fructose were able to induce levanase expression.
(19) Aqueous humor dynamics were studied in the dogfish, Squalus acanthias, using isotopically labeled inulin, Na+, Cl-, and HCO-3.
(20) Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and renal blood flow (RBF) were calculated from the inulin and p-aminohippuric acid clearances, respectively.
Polymer
Definition:
(n.) Any one of two or more substances related to each other by polymerism; specifically, a substance produced from another substance by chemical polymerization.
Example Sentences:
(1) Five days later, the animals were randomly assigned to one of four treatment groups: Group 1 received intracranial implantation of controlled-release polymers containing dexamethasone; Group 2 received intraperitoneal implantation of controlled-release polymers containing dexamethasone; Group 3 received serial intraperitoneal injections of dexamethasone; and Group 4 received sham treatment.
(2) In spite of important differences in size, chemical composition, polymer density, and configuration, biological macromolecules indeed manifest some of the essential physical-chemical properties of gels.
(3) The acetonitrile extract is concentrated and analyzed by HPLC, using a new polymer-based column, and detected by UV spectroscopy at 270 nm.
(4) These results suggest that glomerular IgA are IgA polymers and decreased hepatic clearance of hepatic IgA polymers may be responsible for the glomerular deposition of IgA.
(5) A method for the introduction of side chains containing isonitrile (isocyanide, functional group) on the backbone of polysaccharides and other hydroxylic polymers was developed.
(6) He knows polymer notes from travels in Australia, where they were first introduced in 1988, and he wants Britain to "move with the times" too.
(7) Poly(ortho ester) bioerodible polymers are suitable materials for the topical administration of a wide variety of therapeutic agents; varying the nature and amounts of excipients physically incorporated into the polymer will vary the erosion rates from a few hours to many months.
(8) By performing countercurrent distribution in the presence of a polymer-ligand, the protein that binds the polymer-ligand can be separated from a heterogenous mixture.
(9) Pulse labeling of the polymer with [2-3H]adenosine was also maximal at the same time points.
(10) Charged polymers, known to alter cell surface characteristics, reversibly inhibit the intercellular communication required in kidney tubule induction.
(11) A novel type of ion exchanger was prepared by multipoint covalent binding of polystyrene chains onto the surface of porous silica followed by polymer-analogous modification of the bonded layer.
(12) Another 52 received a 100-g (nonfasting) glucose polymer screening test followed by a 100-g glucose polymer tolerance test.
(13) The important role of the exocellular polymers for the structure, size and density of flocs can be well illustrated.
(14) A small number of children with protracted diarrhoea, who have severe mucosal injury may not be able to handle even starch and may require diets based on short chain glucose polymers.
(15) Rather, assembly of sIgM into polymers and their subsequent secretion are prevented in B lymphocytes by preceding targeting of monomeric sIgM to degradation.
(16) The neutral polymer was devoid of type 6 activity although it was serologically active.
(17) The tissue reaction was more severe for polymers having a higher rate of degradation.
(18) Control experiments with other constructs (e.g., allopurinol riboside linked to the mannose-free polymer) confirmed that the enhancement of activity was indeed achieved by means of the mannose homing device.
(19) Of the tested polymers, only polyvinyl methylacetamide and dextran inhibit a decrease in the level of mitochondrial enzyme activity which develops with administration of endotoxin.
(20) At different degrees of DNA damage, the average length of the poly-ADP-ribose chain did not practically alter, thus suggesting the increase in the number of polymer binding sites in the histones.