(n.) Any means of conveying or communicating ideas; specifically, human speech; the expression of ideas by the voice; sounds, expressive of thought, articulated by the organs of the throat and mouth.
(n.) The expression of ideas by writing, or any other instrumentality.
(n.) The forms of speech, or the methods of expressing ideas, peculiar to a particular nation.
(n.) The characteristic mode of arranging words, peculiar to an individual speaker or writer; manner of expression; style.
(n.) The inarticulate sounds by which animals inferior to man express their feelings or their wants.
(n.) The suggestion, by objects, actions, or conditions, of ideas associated therewith; as, the language of flowers.
(n.) The vocabulary and phraseology belonging to an art or department of knowledge; as, medical language; the language of chemistry or theology.
(n.) A race, as distinguished by its speech.
(v. t.) To communicate by language; to express in language.
Example Sentences:
(1) Thus it is unclear how a language learner determines whether German even has a regular plural, and if so what form it takes.
(2) The original sample included 1200 high school males within each of 30 language and cultural communities.
(3) The deep green people who have an issue with the language of natural capital are actually making the same jump from value to commodification that they state that they don’t want ... They’ve equated one with the other,” he says.
(4) Surrounding intact ipsilateral structures are more important for the recovery of some of the language functions, such as motor output and phonemic assembly, than homologous contralateral structures.
(5) This review focused on the methods used to identify language impairment in specifically language-impaired subjects participating in 72 research studies that were described in four journals from 1983 to 1988.
(6) In his notorious 1835 Minute on Education , Lord Macaulay articulated the classic reason for teaching English, but only to a small minority of Indians: “We must do our best to form a class who may be interpreters between us and the millions whom we govern; a class of persons, Indians in blood and colour, but English in taste, in opinions, in morals and in intellect.” The language was taught to a few to serve as intermediaries between the rulers and the ruled.
(7) Groups were similar with respect to age, sex, school experience, family income, housing, primary language spoken, and nonverbal intelligence.
(8) And that ancient Basque cultural gem – the mysterious language with its odd Xs, Ks and Ts – will be honoured at every turn in a city where it was forbidden by Franco.
(9) Language and discussion develop the intellect, she argues.
(10) This empirical fact has in recent years been increasingly dealt with in pertinent German-language literature, the discussion clearly emphasizing the demand that programmes aimed at the vocational qualification of unemployed disabled persons be provided, along with accompanying measures.
(11) To do so degrades the language of war and aids the terrorist enemy.
(12) They have already missed the critical periods in language learning and thus are apt to remain severely depressed in language skills at best.
(13) This paper reviews the epidemiologic studies of petroleum workers published in the English language, focusing on research pertaining to the petroleum industry, rather than the broader petrochemical industry.
(14) Now, a small Scottish charity, Edinburgh Direct Aid – moved by their plight and aware that the language of Lebanese education is French and English and that Syria is Arabic – is delivering textbooks in Arabic to the school and have offered to fund timeshare projects across the country.
(15) The researchers' own knowledge of street language and drug behavior has enabled them to capture information that would escape most observers and even some participants.
(16) At the House Ear Institute, speech and language assessments are a regular part of the evaluation protocol for the cochlear implant clinical trials in children.
(17) The Rio+ 20 Earth summit could collapse after countries failed to agree on acceptable language just two weeks before 120 world leaders arrive at the biggest UN summit ever organised, WWF warned on Wednesday.
(18) Disagreements over the language of the text continued throughout Friday.
(19) And as for this job, well, not that I have a choice but … fuck it, I quit.” A stunned colleague then told viewers: “All right we apologise for that … we’ll, we’ll be right back.” The station later apologised to viewers on Twitter: KTVA 11 News (@ktva) Viewers, we sincerely apologize for the inappropriate language used by a KTVA reporter on the air tonight.
(20) The European commission has three official "procedural languages": German, French and English.
Orthography
Definition:
(n.) The art or practice of writing words with the proper letters, according to standard usage; conventionally correct spelling; also, mode of spelling; as, his orthography is vicious.
(n.) The part of grammar which treats of the letters, and of the art of spelling words correctly.
(n.) A drawing in correct projection, especially an elevation or a vertical section.
Example Sentences:
(1) The results indicate that visual effects are not restricted to word stimuli and suggest that additive effects of visual similarity and shared orthography may be responsible for these findings.
(2) To do this, sets of letter strings in which orthography and familiarity were factorially combined were used as the basis for physical, phonetic, semantic, and lexical judgments.
(3) Non-words which obeyed the rules of English orthography and phonology were more difficult to discriminate from words than those which violated those rules.
(4) Adopting the format of an earlier investigation, a visual recall task was employed as the dependent variable, and it was predicted that poor readers would perform as well as normals with stimuli taken from Hebrew, an unfamiliar orthography.
(5) Forward and backward priming were compared both when the nonword foils were "legal" and when they were "illegal" with respect to English orthography.
(6) Word structure determined by orthography and morphology affected neon colors, but no effect was found for purely phonological units.
(7) It is suggested that reading aloud employs grapheme-phoneme translation based upon a letter-by-letter analysis of the stimulus: that discriminating words from non-words obeying the rules of English orthography and phonology employs a search of the lexicon based upon a holistic analysis of the stimulus; and that discriminating words from non-words violating those rules employs a direct test of the regularity of the stimulus based upon the combinatory rules of English orthography.
(8) In the present writer's opinion, the orthography according to Duden disfigures words from Latin origin for the most part since Latin c is written as a k before a, o, u and as a z before e and i.
(9) The results do not support previous claims of orthography-specific laterality, but instead show that laterality effects for morphemic stimuli vary with the orthographic, phonological, and semantic processing demands of the task.
(10) N200s were largest when both the orthography and phonology mismatched, of intermediate amplitude when either orthography or phonology mismatched, and smallest when both orthography and phonology matched.
(11) The standpoint of the Hungarian Scientific Academy in case of medical orthography is described.
(12) Especially Eschenbach is up to mischief if he proposes his alternative orthography also for words which are borrowed from Latin 1,000 years ago and are used by everybody in the colloquial German language.
(13) Evidence from cognitive neuropsychological case reports is reviewed for its bearing on these claims and for its implications for the strong metalinguistic hypothesis, which contends that explicit, conscious mastery of the relationship between phonology and orthography is a necessary (and perhaps sufficient) precondition for the development of fluent reading.
(14) There was no evidence that nonword letter strings could contingently elicit such an aftereffect, even when the nonwords conformed to English orthography.
(15) The performance of the model is largely determined by three factors: the nature of the input, a significant fragment of written English; the learning rule, which encodes the implicit structure of the orthography in the weights on connections; and the architecture of the system, which influences the scope of what can be learned.
(16) These results were interpreted as strong support for the orthographical depth hypothesis and suggest, in general, that in shallow orthographies phonology is generated directly from print, whereas in deep orthographies phonology is derived from the internal lexicon.
(17) The choice was made because English phonology is particularly well described by the standard theory, and because this theory contains explicit predictions about how English speakers' phonological knowledge will be realized in their control of English orthography, e.g., in spelling.
(18) Reaction time and percent error increased whenever there was a conflict between the orthography and phonology of the words.
(19) The bulk of reading errors made by both groups reflect their common difficulties in phonemic segmentation of words in the lexicon, in phonetic recoding, and in mastery of the orthography--difficulties, in short, with linguistic characteristics of words rather than with their properties as visual patterns.
(20) The nature and the speed of this process are affected by "bottom-up" factors (e.g., the manner in which the phonology is represented by the orthography) and by "top-down" factors (e.g., network connections between related words in the lexicon, and contextual semantic information).