What's the difference between mark and stigma?

Mark


Definition:

  • (n.) A license of reprisals. See Marque.
  • (n.) An old weight and coin. See Marc.
  • (n.) The unit of monetary account of the German Empire, equal to 23.8 cents of United States money; the equivalent of one hundred pfennigs. Also, a silver coin of this value.
  • (n.) A visible sign or impression made or left upon anything; esp., a line, point, stamp, figure, or the like, drawn or impressed, so as to attract the attention and convey some information or intimation; a token; a trace.
  • (n.) A character or device put on an article of merchandise by the maker to show by whom it was made; a trade-mark.
  • (n.) A character (usually a cross) made as a substitute for a signature by one who can not write.
  • (n.) A fixed object serving for guidance, as of a ship, a traveler, a surveyor, etc.; as, a seamark, a landmark.
  • (n.) A trace, dot, line, imprint, or discoloration, although not regarded as a token or sign; a scratch, scar, stain, etc.; as, this pencil makes a fine mark.
  • (n.) An evidence of presence, agency, or influence; a significative token; a symptom; a trace; specifically, a permanent impression of one's activity or character.
  • (n.) That toward which a missile is directed; a thing aimed at; what one seeks to hit or reach.
  • (n.) Attention, regard, or respect.
  • (n.) Limit or standard of action or fact; as, to be within the mark; to come up to the mark.
  • (n.) Badge or sign of honor, rank, or official station.
  • (n.) Preeminence; high position; as, particians of mark; a fellow of no mark.
  • (n.) A characteristic or essential attribute; a differential.
  • (n.) A number or other character used in registring; as, examination marks; a mark for tardiness.
  • (n.) Image; likeness; hence, those formed in one's image; children; descendants.
  • (n.) One of the bits of leather or colored bunting which are placed upon a sounding line at intervals of from two to five fathoms. The unmarked fathoms are called "deeps."
  • (v. t.) To put a mark upon; to affix a significant mark to; to make recognizable by a mark; as, to mark a box or bale of merchandise; to mark clothing.
  • (v. t.) To be a mark upon; to designate; to indicate; -- used literally and figuratively; as, this monument marks the spot where Wolfe died; his courage and energy marked him for a leader.
  • (v. t.) To leave a trace, scratch, scar, or other mark, upon, or any evidence of action; as, a pencil marks paper; his hobnails marked the floor.
  • (v. t.) To keep account of; to enumerate and register; as, to mark the points in a game of billiards or cards.
  • (v. t.) To notice or observe; to give attention to; to take note of; to remark; to heed; to regard.
  • (v. i.) To take particular notice; to observe critically; to note; to remark.

Example Sentences:

  • (1) Herpesviruses such as EBV, HSV, and human herpes virus-6 (HHV-6) have a marked tropism for cells of the immune system and therefore infection by these viruses may result in alterations of immune functions, leading at times to a state of immunosuppression.
  • (2) Patient plasma samples demonstrated evidence of marked complement activation, with 3-fold elevations of C3a desArg concentrations by the 8th day of therapy.
  • (3) Following in vitro C activation in NHS by delta IgG, the 40 KD C4d component increased markedly.
  • (4) However, when cross-linked to anti-CD4 or anti-CD8 antibodies a markedly enhanced proliferation of the corresponding subpopulation is observed.
  • (5) When chimeric animals were subjected to a lethal challenge of endotoxin, their response was markedly altered by the transferred lymphoid cells.
  • (6) Increased dietary protein intake led to increased MDA per nephron, increased urinary excretion of MDA, and increased MDA per milligram protein in subtotally nephrectomized animals, and markedly increased the glutathione redox ratio.
  • (7) Cyclic AMP stimulated phosphorylation by [gamma-32P]ATP of two proteins of apparent Mr = 20,000 and 7,000 that were concentrated in sarcoplasmic reticulum, but the stimulation was markedly dependent on the presence of added soluble cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase.
  • (8) Surprisingly, the clonal elimination of V beta 6+ cells is preceded by marked expansion of these cells.
  • (9) Muscle weakness and atrophy were most marked in the distal parts of the legs, especially in the gastrocnemius and soleus muscles, and then spread to the thighs and gluteal muscles.
  • (10) of PLA2 caused marked degranulation of mast cells in the rat mesentery which was facilitated by addition of calcium ion (10 mM) but antagonized by pretreating with three antiinflammatory agents.
  • (11) report the complications registered, in particular: lead's displacing 6.2%, run away 0.7%, marked hyperthermya 0.0%, haemorrage 0.4%, wound dehiscence 0.3%, asectic necrosis by decubitus 5%, septic necrosis 0.3%, perforation of the heart 0.2%, pulmonary embolism 0.1%.
  • (12) Marked enhancement of IFN-gamma production by T cells was seen in the presence of as little as 0.3% thymic DC.
  • (13) This effect was more marked in breast cancer patients which may explain our earlier finding that women with upper body fat localization are at increased risk for developing breast cancer.
  • (14) Completeness of isolation of the coronary and systemic circulations was shown by the marked difference in appearance times between the reflex hypotensive responses from catecholamine injections into the isolated coronary circulation and the direct hypertensive response from a similar injection when the circulations were connected as well as by the marked difference between the pressure pulses recorded simultaneously on both sides of the aortic balloon separating the two circulations.4.
  • (15) A marked overlap of input from the two eyes is an unusual feature for a diprotodont marsupial and has previously been seen only in the feathertail glider.
  • (16) The erythrocyte sedimentation rate is almost always markedly elevated.
  • (17) Marks out of 10: Enyeama 9 ; Odiah 4 , Shittu 6 , Yobo 6 , Taiwo 4 (Uche 74 6 ); Kaita 4 , Lukman 5 , Etuhu 3 , Obasi 5 (Odemwingie 60 6 ); Yakubu 5 , Obinna 3 (Martins 52 6 )
  • (18) Sixteen patients (27%) manifested anomalies of the urinary tract: 12 had markedly altered kidneys, 8 of which were unilateral and ipsilateral to the diaphragmatic defect.
  • (19) Her muscle weakness and hyperCKemia markedly improved by corticosteroid therapy, suggesting that the diagnosis was compatible with polymyositis (PM).
  • (20) The introduction of intravenous, high-dose thrombolytic therapy during a brief period has markedly reduced mortality of patients with acute myocardial infarction.

Stigma


Definition:

  • (v. t.) A mark made with a burning iron; a brand.
  • (v. t.) Any mark of infamy or disgrace; sign of moral blemish; stain or reproach caused by dishonorable conduct; reproachful characterization.
  • (v. t.) That part of a pistil which has no epidermis, and is fitted to receive the pollen. It is usually the terminal portion, and is commonly somewhat glutinous or viscid. See Illust. of Stamen and of Flower.
  • (v. t.) A small spot, mark, scar, or a minute hole; -- applied especially to a spot on the outer surface of a Graafian follicle, and to spots of intercellular substance in scaly epithelium, or to minute holes in such spots.
  • (v. t.) A red speck upon the skin, produced either by the extravasation of blood, as in the bloody sweat characteristic of certain varieties of religious ecstasy, or by capillary congestion, as in the case of drunkards.
  • (v. t.) One of the external openings of the tracheae of insects, myriapods, and other arthropods; a spiracle.
  • (v. t.) One of the apertures of the pulmonary sacs of arachnids. See Illust. of Scorpion.
  • (v. t.) One of the apertures of the gill of an ascidian, and of Amphioxus.
  • (v. t.) A point so connected by any law whatever with another point, called an index, that as the index moves in any manner in a plane the first point or stigma moves in a determinate way in the same plane.
  • (v. t.) Marks believed to have been supernaturally impressed upon the bodies of certain persons in imitation of the wounds on the crucified body of Christ. See def. 5, above.

Example Sentences:

  • (1) Health information dissemination is severely complicated by the widespread stigma associated with digestive topics, manifested in the American public's general discomfort in communicating with others about digestive health.
  • (2) It is likely that many of the girls end up working in brothels, but due to the stigma of being a sex worker they will usually report they were forced into marriage.
  • (3) To feel like a useful human being without any stigma attached, without undue fears and pressures but with a sense of being needed and wanted, that is what life is all about.
  • (4) Prince Harry and the Duke and Duchess of Cambridge have enlisted a rapper, a Royal Marine and a Labour spin doctor to try to push stigma about discussing mental health beyond what they believe is a “tipping point” and into public acceptability.
  • (5) This stigma remains to the present and was observed to exist even among service providers: Low knowledge levels of patients on the causes of the disease on the one hand, and service providers on the cure, particularly on the use of Multiple Drug Therapy.
  • (6) The failure of this effort, along with the stigma against psychiatry has led to poor treatment of disturbed patients by primary care physicians.
  • (7) The stigma of having no brothers or sisters meant that any acting up was immediately dismissed with a caustic, “Well, he is an only child.” The subtext was that my parents had doted on me excessively, inflating my sense of importance.
  • (8) Patients react to the physical realities of the disease while experiencing the stigma and fear which society imposes on AIDS.
  • (9) She also warned over increasing stigma being shown toward Gypsies, Travellers and Roma struggling to find accommodation.
  • (10) Commonly there is a desire by girl learners to continue their education , especially their formal education, despite their pregnancy even when the barriers to returning to school imposed by their families or schools and social stigmas may not easily permit it.
  • (11) This article focuses on the management of stigma by methadone maintenance patients.
  • (12) The patients may find that a psychiatric diagnostic label is a stigma and has bad consequences.
  • (13) You take one aspect of someone or some group's behaviour and jump to far-reaching conclusions as to their mental state and inflict an unwarranted stigma upon them.
  • (14) Factor analysis yielded four indices: a) impact of disease (e.g., being a burden, loss of energy, loss of bowel control); b) sexual intimacy; c) complications of disease (e.g., developing cancer, having surgery, dying early); and d) body stigma (e.g., feeling dirty or smelly).
  • (15) The UCI should also pay more attention to medical issues in cycling and when Therapeutic Use Exemptions should be granted Words of warning Sanctioned riders should be used ‘as an educational tool’ to inform their peers about the dangers of doping through interviews, appearances, lectures and recorded messages pointing out the impact of doping on their lives, ‘the social stigma, financial impact, health effects and self-esteem issues’ Voice of the union The UCI should ‘facilitate the creation of a strong riders’ union … to give riders a collective voice particularly on issues of ownership, revenue sharing, the racing calendar and anti-doping.
  • (16) In essence, criminalisation leads to stigma, and stigma leads to harassment."
  • (17) The sequence is reported of a cDNA molecule homologous to an mRNA from stigma tissue of Brassica oleracea plants homozygous for the S5 self-incompatibility allele.
  • (18) It was really only when William Styron published Darkness Visible in 1990 that depression entered mainstream social discourse and began to lose its stigma (even growing into a badge of honour for a while).
  • (19) As part of UNAids’ Protect the Goal campaign to raise awareness of HIV and Aids during the World Cup in Rio, we explored whether tweets could be used to measure HIV-related stigma.
  • (20) Encopresis afflicts one in 100 children causing considerable stigma and parental concern.