What's the difference between menthol and menthyl?
Menthol
Definition:
(n.) A white, crystalline, aromatic substance resembling camphor, extracted from oil of peppermint (Mentha); -- called also mint camphor or peppermint camphor.
Example Sentences:
(1) Do [MPs] remember the madness of those advertisements that talked of the cool fresh mountain air of menthol cigarettes?
(2) CSCs from the 1R4F, ULT, and ULT-menthol cigarettes were cytotoxic in the CHO-HGPRT assay, both with and without metabolic activation, while TEST and TEST-menthol CSCs were not cytotoxic under either condition.
(3) Objective and subjective measurements of nasal patency were made before and after L-menthol stimulation of the palatal mucosa (supplied with the trigeminal nerve) in 15 normal adult subjects.
(4) L-menthol caused a highly significant enhancement of nasal sensation of airflow but despite their great similarity in structure and a similar peppermint smell the isomers D-isomenthol and D-neomenthol had no effect on nasal sensation of airflow.
(5) External application of 50 microM Ni2+ blocks the effect of CAP, but does not affect the acceleration of the high voltage-activated (L-type) current inactivation induced by menthol.
(6) The VAS scores showed significant changes of subjective improvement in nasal sensation of airflow (P less than 0.001) in the menthol-treated group 10 min after dosing whereas the placebo group showed no change.
(7) Angela Harbutt, campaigns manager of the smokers' group Forest, said: "Consumers will have mixed feelings.We welcome the fact that some products have been reprieved while menthol cigarettes have been given a stay of execution, but consumers are still angry that the EU is trying to restrict or ban products they have purchased and enjoyed for many years.
(8) The effect of menthol on Ca channel current inactivation was studied in identified Helix neurons.
(9) Since, in equal concentrations, menthol specifically impairs neuronal calcium currents, the results are consistent with the conjecture that in cold receptors, menthol reduces the activation of a calcium-stimulated outward current by an impeding effect on a calcium conductance, thereby inducing depolarization and a modification of bursting behavior.
(10) Application of the specific calcium channel blocker menthol (0.2 mM) suppressed spontaneous activity, the effect becoming more prominent at higher temperatures.
(11) In contrast, lingual fibers and a different category of cortical units ('Type II') were extremely sensitive to menthol exposure.
(12) TEST and TEST-menthol SSCSs produced negative results in all 5 bacterial strains, both with and without metabolic activation.
(13) The specificity of the Ca2(+)-channel blocking effect of menthol was demonstrated in parallel studies using compounds with similar structures: menthone blocked Ca2+ channels with about half the potency of menthol, while cyclohexanol was without effect.
(14) Thus, a proposed third type of Ca current with transient activation and complete deactivation below -50 mV was either not present or not affected by menthol.
(15) TEST and TEST-menthol CSCs were nonmutagenic in all five bacterial strains, both with and without metabolic activation.
(16) The effect of l-menthol on the skin permeability of mannitol, cortisone or indomethacin was examined by an in vitro penetration technique with hairless mouse skin.
(17) Over a couple of pints, we cover all the big stuff: Victoria Beckham, rivers of blood, what it'll be like being deputy PM to Boris ("Boris needs me; he needs lightening up"), and the attempt to ban menthol cigarettes .
(18) The investigations were carried out with exogenous test substances (antipyrine, menthol and sulphadimidine) and by determination of D-glucaric acid excretion.
(19) No significant association was observed between either short-term (1-14 years) or long-term (15+ years) menthol use and lung cancer in logistic regression analyses adjusting for covariates.
(20) In the second study EtOH or a placebo was administered at 1530 across three days also in the presence of menthol.
Menthyl
Definition:
(n.) A compound radical forming the base of menthol.
Example Sentences:
(1) The synthesis (Schemes I and II) requires seven steps starting with di-(-)-menthyl fumarate and employs the useful RR-phosphonate reagent 14 to attach the mevinic acid side chain to aldehyde 13.
(2) The method involves extraction of propranolol enantiomers from plasma into 1% 1-butanol in n-hexane at basic pH, followed by evaporation of the organic phase and the formation of diastereomeric derivatives with the chiral reagent (-)-menthyl chloroformate.
(3) The extracted methadone was derivatizised with (-)-menthyl chloroformate.
(4) Capillary gas chromatography of the O-acetylated (-)-menthyl ester of urinary glyceric acid showed the substance to have the D-configuration.
(5) alpha, alpha-Trehalose and alpha-menthyl glucoside proved to be inhibitors of the glucoamylase activity of the enzymes from both sources.
(6) The homochiral derivatizing agent, (-)-menthyl chloroformate, was found to react at the tertiary piperidine nitrogen of racemic encainide providing two menthyl carbamate diastereomers.
(7) Use of the methyl esters in such analyses thus avoids the cumbersome preparation of the menthyl esters.
(8) The glyceric acid was found to have the D-configuration, as analyzed by capillary gas chromatography of its di-O-acetyl-l-menthyl ester.
(9) These drugs were detected as carbamate derivatives following reaction with (-)-menthyl chloroformate.
(10) No epimerization at the 2-methyl carbon of pristanic acid and its methyl or (--) menthyl esters was detected after treatment in 1N aqueous or methanolic NaOH under reflux for 1 hr or at 120 degrees (sealed tube) for 24 hr.
(11) The absolute configurations of urinary 2-hydroxybutyrate and 3-hydroxybutyrate were determined in patients with lactic acidemia and ketosis by capillary gas-liquid chromatography of their O-acetylated (--)-menthyl ester derivatives.
(12) The enantiomers of dichlorprop and mecoprop were also resolved as diastereomeric menthyl esters by achiral high resolution gas chromatography (HRGC).
(13) The mutant phenotype is stable and heritable in the absence of selective agent, and dose--response curves for mutant frequency were obtained with N-menthyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine, 3-methylcholanthrene, benzo[a]-pyrene, N-acetoxy-N-2-acetylaminofluorene, and the anti-7,8-diol-9,10-epoxide of benzo[a]pyrene.
(14) Comparison between GLC separation of the (--) menthyl and methyl esters of two diastereoisomeric isoprenoid acids of geological interest showed that a 46 m x 0.25 mm ID butanediol succinate column gives effective separation of 2S,6R,10R- and 2R,LR,10R-isomers of (--) menthyl pristanate (2,6,10,14-tetramethylpentadecanoate), but inferior separation of the corresponding methyl ester mixture.
(15) This was verified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and the configuration determined by capillary gas chromatography of O-acetylated menthyl esters.