(n.) A white, crystalline, aromatic substance resembling camphor, extracted from oil of peppermint (Mentha); -- called also mint camphor or peppermint camphor.
Example Sentences:
(1) Do [MPs] remember the madness of those advertisements that talked of the cool fresh mountain air of menthol cigarettes?
(2) CSCs from the 1R4F, ULT, and ULT-menthol cigarettes were cytotoxic in the CHO-HGPRT assay, both with and without metabolic activation, while TEST and TEST-menthol CSCs were not cytotoxic under either condition.
(3) Objective and subjective measurements of nasal patency were made before and after L-menthol stimulation of the palatal mucosa (supplied with the trigeminal nerve) in 15 normal adult subjects.
(4) L-menthol caused a highly significant enhancement of nasal sensation of airflow but despite their great similarity in structure and a similar peppermint smell the isomers D-isomenthol and D-neomenthol had no effect on nasal sensation of airflow.
(5) External application of 50 microM Ni2+ blocks the effect of CAP, but does not affect the acceleration of the high voltage-activated (L-type) current inactivation induced by menthol.
(6) The VAS scores showed significant changes of subjective improvement in nasal sensation of airflow (P less than 0.001) in the menthol-treated group 10 min after dosing whereas the placebo group showed no change.
(7) Angela Harbutt, campaigns manager of the smokers' group Forest, said: "Consumers will have mixed feelings.We welcome the fact that some products have been reprieved while menthol cigarettes have been given a stay of execution, but consumers are still angry that the EU is trying to restrict or ban products they have purchased and enjoyed for many years.
(8) The effect of menthol on Ca channel current inactivation was studied in identified Helix neurons.
(9) Since, in equal concentrations, menthol specifically impairs neuronal calcium currents, the results are consistent with the conjecture that in cold receptors, menthol reduces the activation of a calcium-stimulated outward current by an impeding effect on a calcium conductance, thereby inducing depolarization and a modification of bursting behavior.
(10) Application of the specific calcium channel blocker menthol (0.2 mM) suppressed spontaneous activity, the effect becoming more prominent at higher temperatures.
(11) In contrast, lingual fibers and a different category of cortical units ('Type II') were extremely sensitive to menthol exposure.
(12) TEST and TEST-menthol SSCSs produced negative results in all 5 bacterial strains, both with and without metabolic activation.
(13) The specificity of the Ca2(+)-channel blocking effect of menthol was demonstrated in parallel studies using compounds with similar structures: menthone blocked Ca2+ channels with about half the potency of menthol, while cyclohexanol was without effect.
(14) Thus, a proposed third type of Ca current with transient activation and complete deactivation below -50 mV was either not present or not affected by menthol.
(15) TEST and TEST-menthol CSCs were nonmutagenic in all five bacterial strains, both with and without metabolic activation.
(16) The effect of l-menthol on the skin permeability of mannitol, cortisone or indomethacin was examined by an in vitro penetration technique with hairless mouse skin.
(17) Over a couple of pints, we cover all the big stuff: Victoria Beckham, rivers of blood, what it'll be like being deputy PM to Boris ("Boris needs me; he needs lightening up"), and the attempt to ban menthol cigarettes .
(18) The investigations were carried out with exogenous test substances (antipyrine, menthol and sulphadimidine) and by determination of D-glucaric acid excretion.
(19) No significant association was observed between either short-term (1-14 years) or long-term (15+ years) menthol use and lung cancer in logistic regression analyses adjusting for covariates.
(20) In the second study EtOH or a placebo was administered at 1530 across three days also in the presence of menthol.
Pharmaceutical
Definition:
(a.) Of or pertaining to the knowledge or art of pharmacy, or to the art of preparing medicines according to the rules or formulas of pharmacy; as, pharmaceutical preparations.
Example Sentences:
(1) Senator Bernie Sanders of Vermont, who is also seeking the Democratic presidential nomination, recently proposed a bill that would ease the financial burden of prescription drugs on elderly Americans by allowing Medicare, the national social health insurance program, to negotiate with the pharmaceutical companies to keep prices down.
(2) Pharmaceutical services were provided from a large tent near the hospital, which consisted of an emergency treatment facility, two operating rooms, and a small medical-surgical ward.
(3) An investigation was done on the action in vitro of two pharmaceutical preparations containing Bi, De Nol and Pepto Bismol, on the fermentative capacity of intestinal bacteria.
(4) The conference was held from December 3 to 5, 1990 in the Washington, DC area and was sponsored by the American Association of Pharmaceutical Scientists, US Food and Drug Administration, Federation International Pharmaceutique, Health Protection Branch (Canada) and Association of Official Analytical Chemists.
(5) Silufol plates can be used for the control of the production of vitamins, their analysis in varying biological objects, as well as in biochemistry, medicine and pharmaceutics.
(6) Variations in bioavailability and intestinal absorption are important factors in the determination of dosage and should be reduced to a minimum by improved pharmaceutical formulations.
(7) This new derivative could represent a desirable complementation to rhbFGF for the development of more stable pharmaceutical formulations in wound healing applications.
(8) A report of the meeting will be published tomorrow in the Pharmaceutical Journal.
(9) There was no statistically significant difference between the figures obtained by the 2 methods, except for pharmaceutical expenditures (P = 0.005) which were grossly underevaluated by the program.
(10) Pharmaceutical services in a medical screening clinic are described.
(11) Slow release lithium was found a reliable pharmaceutical tool in both providing therapeutic results and avoiding severe side-effects.
(12) The efficacy and tolerability of a new pharmaceutical formulation of a non-steroid anti-inflammatory drug, nimesulide were studied in a double blind study in comparison with flurbiprofen and diclofenac sodium, in 150 patients suffering from postsurgical pain-inflammatory symptoms.
(13) A health committee meeting in Sacramento, the state capital, on Wednesday turned into a tense showdown between lawmakers seeking to argue that the science is unequivocally on the side of universal vaccination, and activists accusing them of being in the pocket of unscrupulous big pharmaceutical companies.
(14) Clarithromycin (TE-031, A-56268) is a new 14-membered ring macrolide antibiotic developed by Taisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. TE-031 has a methoxy group at position 6 in its structure.
(15) This is especially relevant in light of the use of laboratory mammals to predict the metabolism of novel pharmaceutical agents in humans.
(16) The Double Irish loophole allows US companies, mostly in the technology and pharmaceutical sectors, to reduce their effective tax bill far below Ireland’s already generous 12.5% corporate tax rate by shifting most of their taxable income from an operating company in Ireland to another Irish-registered firm located in an offshore tax haven, such as Bermuda.
(17) Propylene glycol (PG) is widely used as a drug solvent in the pharmaceutical industry.
(18) The experimental drug, known as GSK2606414, is made by pharmaceutical company GlaxoSmithKline.
(19) The Office for National Statistics reported a drop in output across the manufacturing sector, from pharmaceutical firm to makers of computers, electronic & optical products; and food products, beverages & tobacco goods.
(20) The second approach for a UK-listed drug company by a US rival underlined the deal-making zeal that has seized the pharmaceutical sector.