(n.) A yellow aromatic liquid (C6H5.NO2), produced by the action of nitric acid on benzene, and called from its odor imitation oil of bitter almonds, or essence of mirbane. It is used in perfumery, and is manufactured in large quantities in the preparation of aniline. Fornerly called also nitrobenzol.
Example Sentences:
(1) This activity was measured with sulfobromophthalein (BSP), 1,2-dichloro-4-nitrobenzene (DCNB) or 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB) as substrate.
(2) Tris-washed chloroplast enriched in the photosystem II reaction center species Z+Q- and ZQ- are nearly four times more sensitive to nitrobenzene quenching than those enriched in Z+Q.
(3) Serial binary dilutions of amyl acetate and nitrobenzene were used in a double-blind test to determine olfactory acuity of 40 multiple sclerosis (MS) patients.
(4) The major urinary metabolites of 1,2-DNB were S-(2-nitrophenyl)-N-acetylcysteine (42% of the dose), 2-nitroaniline-N-glucuronide (4%), 4-amino-3-nitrophenylsulfate (17%), 2-amino-3-nitrophenylsulfate (1.5%), and 2-(N-hydroxylamino)nitrobenzene (1-2%).
(5) Series of 1,3-dihalogeno-5-nitrobenzenes, 3- and 3,5-halogenoanilines, and 2,6-dihalogeno-4-nitroanilines were tested for fungitoxicity against Aspergillus niger, A. oryzae, Trichoderma viride, Myrothecium verrucaria, and Trichophyton mentagrophytes in shaken culture by using Sabouraud dextrose broth enriched with yeast extract as the test medium.
(6) A high-pressure liquid chromatographic method has been developed for the determination of nanomole quantities of aniline; its metabolites o- and p-aminophenol, phenylhydroxylamine, nitrosobenzene and nitrobenzene; and azobenzene and azoxybenzene which form non-enzymatically by condensation of reactive metabolites.
(7) We have therefore proposed a pathway for the metabolism of m-dinitrobenzene to m-nitroaniline and m-nitroacetanilide, which involved the intermediate m-nitrosonitrobenzene (1-nitroso-3-nitrobenzene, NNB).
(9) The mutagenicities of 37 mono-nitrobenzene derivatives, i.e.
(10) Aniline was furthermore identified and quantified by capillary gas chromatography, using hemoglobin from animals treated with unlabeled aniline and nitrobenzene.
(11) A new lidocaine-responsive liquid membrane electrode based on the use of the lidocaine reineckate ion pair complex in nitrobenzene solvent has been developed.
(12) The effects of nickel (Ni) on hepatic monooxygenase activities (aniline 4-hydroxylase, AH; ethylmorphine N-demethylase, EMND; aminopyrine N-demethylase, AMND), cytochrome P-450, cytochrome b5, microsomal haem and reduced glutathione (GSH) levels, and glutathione S-transferase (GST) activities toward several substrates (1, chloro-2-4-dinitrobenzene, CDNB; 1,2 dichloro-4-nitrobenzene, DCNB; ethacrynic acid, EAA) in mice, rats and guinea-pigs were studied.
(13) Considerable activity was obtained with 1-chlorl-2,4-dinitrobenzene and low activity with 3,4-dichloro-1-nitrobenzene, but no enzymic reaction was detectable with sulphobromophthalein 1,2-epoxy-3-(p-nitrophenoxy)propane of trans-4-phenylbut-3-en-2-one as substrates.
(14) The activities toward sulfobromophthalein and 1,2-dichloro-4-nitrobenzene were low (44% and 47%, respectively, of those controls), but basically present.
(15) To define these features more precisely, we examined the inductive potencies (by measuring quinone reductase in murine hepatoma cells) of two types of glutathione transferase substrates: a series of 1-chloro-2-nitrobenzenes bearing para-oriented electron-donating or -withdrawing substituents and a wide variety of other commonly used and structurally unrelated glutathione transferase substrates.
(16) Its activity was tested with the following potential substrates in addition to CDNB: 1,2-dichloro-4-nitrobenzene, p-nitrobenzyl chloride, trans-4-phenylbut-3-en-2-one, 1,2-epoxy-3-(p-nitrophenoxy)propane, ethacrynic acid, menaphthyl sulphate, cumene hydroperoxide, linoleic acid hydroperoxide and 4-hydroxynon-2-enal.
(17) There was no preferential accumulation of nitrobenzene in the areas in which lesions occurred, which may reflect a regional susceptibility to nitrobenzene or an indirect mechanism of nitrobenzene neurotoxicity.
(18) In vitro metabolism studies have established that 1,3-DNB is reduced to 3-nitroso-nitrobenzene (3-NNB), 3-nitrophenylhydroxylamine (3-NP) and 3-nitroaniline (3-NA) in testicular cytosol and Sertoli cell cultures.
(19) On culture with EGF and insulin, the GST activities towards 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene and 1,2-dichloro-4-nitrobenzene were transiently decreased on day 2 to 10% of those of freshly isolated hepatocytes and then increased to 60 to 100% of those of freshly isolated cells on day 4.
(20) M. expansa and A. lumbricoides var suum readily induced 4-nitroanisole, nitrobenzene, 4-nitrobenzoic acid and 4-nitrophenol to the corresponding amines.
React
Definition:
(v. t.) To act or perform a second time; to do over again; as, to react a play; the same scenes were reacted at Rome.
(v. i.) To return an impulse or impression; to resist the action of another body by an opposite force; as, every body reacts on the body that impels it from its natural state.
(v. i.) To act upon each other; to exercise a reciprocal or a reverse effect, as two or more chemical agents; to act in opposition.
Example Sentences:
(1) MRK20 reacted with monocytes, but MRK16 did not with any WBC type.
(3) The Fc fragment of this protein reacted with and was solubilized by the staphylococcal A protein which also precipitated the intact immunoglobulin.
(4) After Western blot, 2 of the 5 protein bands of swine-cag (27 and 57 kD) and 3 of the 8 protein bands of human cag (27, 32, and 57 kD) reacted with the anti-Toxoplasma antibody used in the ELISA.
(5) Plasma for beta-endorphin assay was preincubated with sepharose-bound anti-beta-lipotropin to remove beta-lipotropin that cross-reacted with the beta-endorphin RIA.
(6) The patoc antigens types reacted with the control group in 7.24, 86.95 and 84.05% of the samples, and consequently were eliminated from the present study.
(7) Flow cytofluorometric analysis of the strain distribution of the molecules defined by the mAb revealed that two of the antibodies (I-22 and III-5) were directed against nonpolymorphic determinants of Thy-1, whereas V-8 mAb reacted only with Thy-1.2+ lymphocytes.
(8) TNBS reacts to an extremely small extend with hemoglobin over the concentration range 0.4 to 4 mM whereas FDNB reacts with hemoglobin to a very large extent (50 fold more than TNBS).
(9) The 4G1 antibody reacted with only the proteins of the two Y. enterocolitica strains.
(10) 18 children with B. a. and 1 patient with c. B. reacted significantly with sRaw.
(11) The following possible explanations were discussed: a) the tested psychotropic drugs block prostaglandin receptors in the stomach; b) the test substances react with prostaglandin in the nutritive solution; c) the substances stimulate metabolic processes in the stomach wall that break down prostaglandin.
(12) Differential absorption experiments showed that LG-1 contained a mixture of specific and cross-reacting antibodies.
(13) Horizontal sections of the left cortex were reacted for the demonstration of HRP.
(14) This procedure can quickly provide acrosome-reacted bull sperm for use with various in vitro fertilization procedures and for assessment of male fertility.
(15) The bacterial-binding activity and mammalian receptor-binding activities in each of two samples co-chromatographed on a Remazol yellow GGL-Sepharose affinity column strongly indicated that the same immunoglobulin species reacts with both antigens.
(16) The antibodies were used for identifying cross-reacting proteins in individual C. s. scutulatus and other Crotalus venoms and to isolate Mojave toxin.
(17) It is shown that, by comparison of a reacting mixture at chemical equilibrium with a non-reacting but equally composed one, the sum of the mean concentrations of the reaction products can immediately be taken from optical absorption or from interferometric measurements.
(18) 27% of the neurons revealed high sensitivity to the temperature stimulus with coefficient Q10 from 2.4 to 30; 6% of the neurons reacted by the on-response type; 5% of the neurons changed their activity and preserved the new level.
(19) Lastly, size analysis of the circulating IgG4 aFABA complexes indicated that these autoantibodies were not complexed with intact IgG, but rather with a molecule of 40-60 kDa, further suggesting the potential for these autoantibodies to react with multiple antigens.
(20) Chelators and sulfhydryl group reacting substances reduced the enzyme activity.