What's the difference between orthography and word?
Orthography
Definition:
(n.) The art or practice of writing words with the proper letters, according to standard usage; conventionally correct spelling; also, mode of spelling; as, his orthography is vicious.
(n.) The part of grammar which treats of the letters, and of the art of spelling words correctly.
(n.) A drawing in correct projection, especially an elevation or a vertical section.
Example Sentences:
(1) The results indicate that visual effects are not restricted to word stimuli and suggest that additive effects of visual similarity and shared orthography may be responsible for these findings.
(2) To do this, sets of letter strings in which orthography and familiarity were factorially combined were used as the basis for physical, phonetic, semantic, and lexical judgments.
(3) Non-words which obeyed the rules of English orthography and phonology were more difficult to discriminate from words than those which violated those rules.
(4) Adopting the format of an earlier investigation, a visual recall task was employed as the dependent variable, and it was predicted that poor readers would perform as well as normals with stimuli taken from Hebrew, an unfamiliar orthography.
(5) Forward and backward priming were compared both when the nonword foils were "legal" and when they were "illegal" with respect to English orthography.
(6) Word structure determined by orthography and morphology affected neon colors, but no effect was found for purely phonological units.
(7) It is suggested that reading aloud employs grapheme-phoneme translation based upon a letter-by-letter analysis of the stimulus: that discriminating words from non-words obeying the rules of English orthography and phonology employs a search of the lexicon based upon a holistic analysis of the stimulus; and that discriminating words from non-words violating those rules employs a direct test of the regularity of the stimulus based upon the combinatory rules of English orthography.
(8) In the present writer's opinion, the orthography according to Duden disfigures words from Latin origin for the most part since Latin c is written as a k before a, o, u and as a z before e and i.
(9) The results do not support previous claims of orthography-specific laterality, but instead show that laterality effects for morphemic stimuli vary with the orthographic, phonological, and semantic processing demands of the task.
(10) N200s were largest when both the orthography and phonology mismatched, of intermediate amplitude when either orthography or phonology mismatched, and smallest when both orthography and phonology matched.
(11) The standpoint of the Hungarian Scientific Academy in case of medical orthography is described.
(12) Especially Eschenbach is up to mischief if he proposes his alternative orthography also for words which are borrowed from Latin 1,000 years ago and are used by everybody in the colloquial German language.
(13) Evidence from cognitive neuropsychological case reports is reviewed for its bearing on these claims and for its implications for the strong metalinguistic hypothesis, which contends that explicit, conscious mastery of the relationship between phonology and orthography is a necessary (and perhaps sufficient) precondition for the development of fluent reading.
(14) There was no evidence that nonword letter strings could contingently elicit such an aftereffect, even when the nonwords conformed to English orthography.
(15) The performance of the model is largely determined by three factors: the nature of the input, a significant fragment of written English; the learning rule, which encodes the implicit structure of the orthography in the weights on connections; and the architecture of the system, which influences the scope of what can be learned.
(16) These results were interpreted as strong support for the orthographical depth hypothesis and suggest, in general, that in shallow orthographies phonology is generated directly from print, whereas in deep orthographies phonology is derived from the internal lexicon.
(17) The choice was made because English phonology is particularly well described by the standard theory, and because this theory contains explicit predictions about how English speakers' phonological knowledge will be realized in their control of English orthography, e.g., in spelling.
(18) Reaction time and percent error increased whenever there was a conflict between the orthography and phonology of the words.
(19) The bulk of reading errors made by both groups reflect their common difficulties in phonemic segmentation of words in the lexicon, in phonetic recoding, and in mastery of the orthography--difficulties, in short, with linguistic characteristics of words rather than with their properties as visual patterns.
(20) The nature and the speed of this process are affected by "bottom-up" factors (e.g., the manner in which the phonology is represented by the orthography) and by "top-down" factors (e.g., network connections between related words in the lexicon, and contextual semantic information).
Word
Definition:
(n.) The spoken sign of a conception or an idea; an articulate or vocal sound, or a combination of articulate and vocal sounds, uttered by the human voice, and by custom expressing an idea or ideas; a single component part of human speech or language; a constituent part of a sentence; a term; a vocable.
(n.) Hence, the written or printed character, or combination of characters, expressing such a term; as, the words on a page.
(n.) Talk; discourse; speech; language.
(n.) Account; tidings; message; communication; information; -- used only in the singular.
(n.) Signal; order; command; direction.
(n.) Language considered as implying the faith or authority of the person who utters it; statement; affirmation; declaration; promise.
(n.) Verbal contention; dispute.
(n.) A brief remark or observation; an expression; a phrase, clause, or short sentence.
(v. i.) To use words, as in discussion; to argue; to dispute.
(v. t.) To express in words; to phrase.
(v. t.) To ply with words; also, to cause to be by the use of a word or words.
(v. t.) To flatter with words; to cajole.
Example Sentences:
(1) These 150 women, the word acknowledges, were killed for being women.
(2) He spoke words of power and depth and passion – and he spoke with a gesture, too.
(3) Looks like some kind of dissent, with Ameobi having words with Phil Dowd at the kick off after Liverpool's second goal.
(4) In the experiments to be reported here, computer-averaged EMG data were obtained from PCA of native speakers of American English, Japanese, and Danish who uttered test words embedded in frame sentences.
(5) This study examined the frequency of occurrence of velar deviations in spontaneous single-word utterances over a 6-month period for 40 children who ranged in age from 1:11 (years:months) to 3:1 at the first observation.
(6) In other words, the commitment to the euro is too deep to be forsaken.
(7) The government has blamed a clumsily worded press release for the furore, denying there would be random checks of the public.
(8) Tony Abbott has refused to concede that saying Aboriginal people who live in remote communities have made a “lifestyle choice” was a poor choice of words as the father of reconciliation issued a public plea to rebuild relations with Indigenous people.
(9) The force has given "words of advice" to eight people, all under 25, over messages posted online.
(10) Superior memory for the word list was found when the odor present during the relearning session was the same one that had been present at the time of initial learning, thereby demonstrating context-dependent memory.
(11) Both of these bills include restrictions on moving terrorists into our country.” The White House quickly confirmed the president would have to sign the legislation but denied this meant that its upcoming plan for closing Guantánamo was, in the words of one reporter, “dead on arrival”.
(12) There on the street is Young Jo whose last words were, "I am wery symbolic, sir."
(13) Sagan had a way of not wasting words, even playfully.
(14) His words earned a stinging rebuke from first lady Michelle Obama , but at a Friday rally in North Carolina he said of one accuser, Jessica Leeds: “Yeah, I’m gonna go after you.
(15) In this connection the question about the contribution of each word of length l (l-tuple) to the inhomogeneity of genetic text arises.
(16) But mention the words "eurozone crisis" to other Finns, and you could be rewarded with little more than a confused, albeit friendly, smile.
(17) But I know the full story and it’s a bit different from what people see.” The full story is heavy on the extremes of emotion and as the man who took a stricken but much-loved club away from its community, Winkelman knows that his part is that of villain; the war of words will rumble on.
(18) His words surprised some because of an impression that the US was unwilling to talk about these issues.
(19) The phrase “self-inflicted blow” was one he used repeatedly, along with the word “glib” – applied to his Vote Leave opponents.
(20) In the 1980s when she began, no newspaper would even print the words 'breast cancer'.