(n.) Special countenance or support; favor, encouragement, or aid, afforded to a person or a work; as, the patronage of letters; patronage given to an author.
(n.) Business custom.
(n.) Guardianship, as of a saint; tutelary care.
(n.) The right of nomination to political office; also, the offices, contracts, honors, etc., which a public officer may bestow by favor.
(n.) The right of presentation to church or ecclesiastical benefice; advowson.
(v. t.) To act as a patron of; to maintain; to defend.
Example Sentences:
(1) But critics say that bringing the judicial system under political control will do nothing to improve its efficiency, and instead will leave judges dependent on political patronage and subject to political pressure.
(2) Patronage at the airport in the early years would not justify a dedicated rail link.
(3) The primary need of the people is not western-style educational patronage, but an end to the arms trade and multinational looting of resources.
(4) State, regional and municipal public administrations remain politicised and ridden by patronage.
(5) The fall of the general – a man who "kills people easily" claimed one witness – came after his own rebel movement turned against him and he lost the patronage of neighbouring Rwanda .
(6) As the locus of many migrants' investments, the village of Los Pinos has experienced a modest growth in the number of full-time jobs paying somewhat above the minimum urban wage and in a variety of petty entrepreneurial activities depending heavily on the patronage of migrant households, themselves heavily subsidized by remittances.
(7) Zhang has enjoyed the patronage of former president Jiang Zemin.
(8) Suu Kyi's relationship with the generals has reportedly turned sour again In her tireless efforts to secure cooperation from the military, Suu Kyi has repeatedly expressed her appreciation, respect and “genuine” affection for the Tatmadaw (feudal military), which her father founded under Japan’s fascist patronage in December 1942, much to the dismay of many minorities who have borne the brunt of the organisation’s ruthless policies.
(9) Liaqat Baloch, a leader of the Jamaat-e-Islami, a rightwing religious-political party, said: “Malala is a Pakistani student and she is getting a lot of support and patronage abroad.
(10) The proposition was attacked by others who claimed it would save very little from the Whitehall budget while simply weakening ministerial patronage – a great controlling hand over government, particularly in a time of coalition.
(11) At the last major budget meeting in July, politicians of the left and right buried their differences to agree on strengthening a four-year budget that privatised local authority-owned companies (a huge source of patronage and corruption), and ended the stranglehold of the ordini – self-regulating associations that control entry into the law, medicine and other professions.
(12) Despite numerous irregularities ... you have managed to thwart this regime’s congenital traps of fraud.” Bongo, 57, who first won election after his father Omar died in 2009 after 42 years as president, has benefited from the power of incumbency as well as a patronage system lubricated by oil largesse.
(13) It is clear Sayeed appears to operate with a measure of patronage from the Pakistani establishment and the Zardari government recently cleared the purchase of a bulletproof Land Cruiser for him.
(14) He may not be able to cling to his status as the nation's court jester, however, without the BBC's patronage.
(15) The [relief] measures will not affect anyone earning above €1,000 a month.” Patronage politics and vested interests had made it impossible for Greek governments, including prime minister Antonis Samaras’s fragile, two-party alliance, to step back and reform.
(16) The local Turkomen and Yazidi population have additionally formed their own militias under the patronage of local and foreign backers.
(17) However, legislation and rules of provision's patronage are complex and appear misunderstood with themselves who regularly use them in their practice.
(18) Zuma's governing African National Congress (ANC), re-elected in May, has long been dogged by allegations of patronage and cronyism.
(19) As one example of potential situations that Hezbollah fears, the Sunni Muslim Brotherhood, long abused by the Assad dynasty in such acts as the massacre by Hafez-al Assad at Hama in 1982, would be highly reluctant to accept the continued Iranian patronage and guidance that characterises the current Assad-Iran relationship.
(20) In many ways, the election will be a clash of epic proportions, a battle between a long-time president and a new challenger, between Russia and the West, between personal patronage and corporate sponsorship, between old friends turned enemies.
Transportation
Definition:
(n.) The act of transporting, or the state of being transported; carriage from one place to another; removal; conveyance.
(n.) Transport; ecstasy.
Example Sentences:
(1) The high amino acid levels in the cells suggest that these cells act as inter-organ transporters and reservoirs of amino acids, they have a different role in their handling and metabolism from those of mammals.
(2) Ca2+ transport was positively correlated with MR cell density.
(3) In addition, DDT blocked succinate dehydrogenase and the cytochrome b-c span of the electron transport chain, which also secondarily reduced ATP synthesis.
(4) The transport of potassium ions through membranes of red blood cells was examined in in bitro experiments using a CMF of 4500 oersted.
(5) The transported pIgA was functional, as evidenced by its ability to bind to virus in an ELISA assay and to protect nonimmune mice against intranasal infection with H1N1 but not H3N2 influenza virus.
(6) In January, Paris taxi drivers attacked an Uber car transporting two passengers from Charles de Gaulle airport.
(7) These results suggest the involvement of SRC in opsin transport.
(8) Plasma membranes were isolated from rat kidney and their transport properties for sodium, calcium, protons, phosphate, glucose, lactate, and phenylalanine were investigated.
(9) Erythrocyte membrane choline transport is abnormally high in chronic renal failure.
(10) These results indicate that both the renal brush-border and basolateral membranes possess the Na(+)-dependent dicarboxylate transport system with very similar properties but with different substrate affinity and transport capacity.
(11) Chronic CHP administration elicited significant increase in both KD and Bmax of striatal mazindol-binding sites (labelling DA transporter complex), but no change in either D1- or D2-type DA receptors.
(12) By the time Van Kirk returned to the US in June 1943, he had flown 58 combat and eight transport missions.
(13) Solely infectious waste become removed hospital-intern and -extern on conditions of hygienic prevention, namely through secure packing during the transport, combustion or desinfection.
(14) These studies also suggest at least two mechanisms for uric acid reabsorption; one sodium dependent, the other independent of sodium and water transport.
(15) Basal and maximally insulin-stimulated rates of 3-O-methylglucose transport in adipocytes from obese and obese NIDDM subjects were reduced to 50% of the values in cells from normal subjects (P less than 0.05).
(16) Thus, although ferric-enterochelin cannot penetrate the cell surface from outside, the complex that is formed within the envelope is transported normally into the cell.
(17) When antibodies were bound to cell-surface DPP IV at 4 degrees C, the immune complex remained stable for more than 1 h after rewarming to 37 degrees C, despite ongoing metabolic and membrane transport processes.
(18) Uptake studies with 22Na were performed in cultured bovine pigmented ciliary epithelial cells, in order to characterize mechanisms of Na+ transport.
(19) Benzylpenicillin showed small inhibition against succinate transport and ticarcillin against sulfate transport.
(20) Inhibition of fast axonal transport by an antibody specific for kinesin provides direct evidence that kinesin is involved in the translocation of membrane-bounded organelles in axons.