What's the difference between phenol and phthalein?
Phenol
Definition:
(n.) A white or pinkish crystalline substance, C6H5OH, produced by the destructive distillation of many organic bodies, as wood, coal, etc., and obtained from the heavy oil from coal tar.
(n.) Any one of the series of hydroxyl derivatives of which phenol proper is the type.
Example Sentences:
(1) The teeth were embedded in phenolic rings with acrylic resin.
(2) The presence of the expected C19 neutral and C18 phenolic steroids was confirmed.
(3) The effect of mycobacterial phenolic glycolipids from Mycobacterium leprae, M. bovis BCG, and M. kansasii on in vitro proliferative responses by human blood mononuclear cells from healthy BCG vaccinees was investigated.
(4) The chemistry involved reaction rate constant measurements of MSF hydrolysis and for reactions with phenolic, amine, oxime, hydroxamic acid, phenyl N-hydroxycarbamate, and hydroxylamine compounds and cupric imidazole and bipyridyl complexes.
(5) In the liver, the major site of benzene metabolism, benzene is converted by a cytochrome P-450-mediated pathway to phenol, the major metabolite, and the secondary metabolites, hydroquinone and catechol.
(6) Except in the case of the phenolic metabolite, structures were confirmed by direct comparison of electron impact mass spectra and chromatographic behaviour with those of authentic samples.
(7) It may be concluded that phenolization of the sympathetic nervous system provides the same results as surgical sympathectomy but has the advantage of lower morbidity and shorter hospitalization (24 h vs 10 days).
(8) It was hypothesized that the observed activity variation of the paracetamol analogues was based on the relative abilities of these compounds to undergo H atom loss at the phenolic oxygen, and on the relative stabilities of the resulting free-radical species.
(9) Lipopolysaccharide content correlated significantly with drug uptake and sensitivity, and it appeared to determine the degree of penetration of the cell envelope by these chlorinated phenols.
(10) Liberation of the polysaccharides from the carrier by treatment with aqueous phenol resulted in loss of the serological activity.
(11) Here we report that phenol hydroxylation to hydroquinone is also catalyzed by human myeloperoxidase in the presence of a superoxide anion radical generating system, hypoxanthine and xanthine oxidase.
(12) The 2-substituted phenoxy-6-methoxy-8-aminoquinolines (4-6) were afforded by reduction of the corresponding 8-nitroquinolines (1-3) which were obtained by condensation of 2-chloro-6-methoxy-8-nitroquinoline and substituted phenols.
(13) This report reviews the treatment of pilonidal sinus by phenol injection in 54 patients.
(14) One group of rats was made immunocompetent towards P. aeruginosa by intraperitoneal injection of phenol-killed P. aeruginosa while a second group remained naive to this organism.
(15) These data indicate that the phenolic hydroxyl groups of xanthomegnin might contribute to its uncoupling action on the oxidative phosphorylation of mitochondria.
(16) The coupled dienone-phenol re-arrangement and keto-enol tautomerism of this quinone methide produce the observed 3,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde.
(17) The phenol metabolites benzoquinone and 1,2,4-benzenetriol both activated the glutathione transferase in microsomes 2-fold independently of added NADPH.
(18) The isolation of plant enzymes is frequently hampered by the presence of phenolic compounds, pigments and mucilages.
(19) An enzyme (EC 2.8.2.1) that catalyses the transfer of sulphate from adenosine 3'-phosphate 5'-sulphatophosphate to phenols was purified approx.
(20) Physico-chemical parameters of membranes of skeletal muscles' sarcoplasmic reticulum in antioxidant insufficiency, which was modelled by excluding alpha-tocopherol from the animals ration, and after treatment with phenol antioxidant ionol were studied.
Phthalein
Definition:
(n.) One of a series of artificial organic dyes made as condensation products of the phenols with phthalic acid, and well represented by phenol phthalein. Their alkaline solutions are fluorescent.
Example Sentences:
(1) There is no compelling explanation for this observation, but two facts are known: fluorescein is a derivative of phthalein, a pH indicator, and ischemic tissues become acidotic, with the pH falling below 7.0.
(2) In our pursuit for liver functional diagnosis, development of bifunctional radiopharmaceutical containing iminodiacetic acid (IDA), as the technetium chelating site along with phthalein or fluorescein structure, the skeleton of BSP and Rose Bengal, long used for the assessment of liver function is considered.
(3) To investigate the molecular requirements and mechanisms for the hepatic uptake of phthaleins, the transport of tetrabromosulfonephthalein (TBS) was investigated in basolateral rat liver plasma membrane vesicles.
(4) The functionality of the various technetium labeled phthalein and fluorescein IDA derivatives was evaluated by competitive BSP binding studies and by comparative binding with the hepatocyte specific protein, ligandin.
(5) The hepatobiliary transport of three structurally related phthaleins was compared in the rat, and found to differ to a large extent in three experimental conditions: 1) after a 72-h fast; 2) after a 4-day phenobarbital treatment; and 3) during infusion of bile salts: sodium dehydrocholate or taurocholate.
(6) A measured absorption increase of the Ca2+-indicator phthalein purple (10 degrees C, 562 nm, pH 9.3) occurs apparently simultaneously with the formation of metarhodopsin ii in ROS.
(7) Bilirubin and phthalein dyes are taken up by the liver via a carrier-mediated mechanism operated at least in part by bilitranslocase (BTL).
(8) Gadolinium-phthalein complexone (Gd-PC) was developed as a hepatobiliary magnetic resonance (MR) contrast agent.
(9) Moreover, inhibitions by rifamycin-SV and bilirubin suggest that there exists a common uptake system for bilirubin, phthaleins and other anions.
(10) It is, therefore, concluded that the phthalein structure recognized for transport is the quinoid molecule, with the dissociated acidic function on the benzene ring.
(11) The minimum requirement for this electrogenic process has been investigated in rat liver plasma membrane vesicles by using Thymol blue, a pH-indicator phthalein occurring either as a neutral, phenolic molecule or as a quinoid, monovalent anion.
(12) 111In has been complexed to a series of metal-complexing phthaleins and sulfonphthaleins, and the hepatobiliary excretion of the compounds were compared in rats.
(13) Phthalein complexone is one of the iminodiacetic acid derivatives and a structural analogue of bromosulfophthalein.
(14) Four Hg-203-mercurated phthaleins were prepared, purified, and compared with [203Hg] mercuric nitrate, [3H] phenolphthalein [203Hg] hydroxymercurifluorescein and Tc-99m-pyrophosphate in a rat model of myocardial necrosis to determine their specificities for damaged myocardium.
(15) Both the hydroxymercuri- functional group and the phthalein moiety are required for selectivity.