(n.) That portion of fibrovascular bundles which corresponds to the inner bark; the liber tissue; -- distinguished from xylem.
Example Sentences:
(1) A computer model predicts that SA should move rapidly in phloem.
(2) Pinwheel inclusions (PWs) were found in cells of callus tissue derived from explants of secondary phloem parenchyma of carrot (Daucus carota) storage root and grown on a basal medium containing zeatin and indoleacetic acid or coconut milk, naphthalene acetic acid, or combinations of these.
(3) Pumpkin phloem exudate contains two abundant phloem proteins: PP1 is a 96-kD protein that forms polymeric filaments in vivo, and PP2 is a 48-kD dimeric lectin.
(4) The labelled ethephon is translocated in a higher concentration in the phloem after foliar dissepiment application.
(5) When the CoYMV promoter is used to drive expression of the beta-glucuronidase reporter gene in stably transformed tobacco plants, beta-glucuronidase activity occurs primarily in the phloem, the phloem-associated cells, and the axial parenchyma of roots, stems, leaves, and flowers.
(6) Virus particles were present in all cell types of the epidermis, mesophyll, phloem, and xylem.
(7) Polyclonal antibodies raised against pumpkin phloem exudate were used to isolate several cDNAs corresponding to PP1 and PP2.
(8) For both cultivars, the phloem, mesophyll, parenchyma and epidermis were the most susceptible tissues to bacterial attack.
(9) The occurrence of annulate lamellae (AL) in differentiating phloem of Sonchus oleraceus (Compositae) singly infected with sowthistle yellow vein virus (SYVV) and doubly infected with a combination of SYVV and beet yellow stunt virus is documented by electron microscopy.
(10) BYDV, a phloem restricted luteovirus, occurs in very low concentration in grasses.
(11) Ultrastructural examination of leaf tissue of Nicotiana benthamiana infected with Indian cassava mosaic virus (ICMV) revealed abnormalities in phloem and, occasionally, xylem cells.
(12) The possibility of a symplastic pathway of solute movement from the phloem to the syncytium is suggested.
(13) Sieve cells and sieve tube members can be macerated from the phloem of various organs of woody and herbaceous species by autoclaving the tissue in a mild macerating medium.
(14) In transgenic tobacco the GS3A promoter directed GUS expression in the phloem cells of the vasculature in leaves, stems and roots.
(15) Light and electron microscopical observations of the cells of the phloem of Cucurbita maxima have shown that two distinct types of P-protein bodies are formed: a larger type which arises as fine fibrils and a smaller type which apparently arises as groups of tubules.
(16) A biochemical and cytochemical study has been made of the distribution of ATPase in mature and differentiating phloem cells of Nicotiana tabacum and of the substrate specificity and effects of fixation on enzyme activity.
(17) We report here that a soybean 62-kD sucrose binding protein is associated with the plasma membrane of several cell types engaged in sucrose transport, including the mesophyll cells of young sink leaves, the companion cells of mature phloem, and the cells of the developing cotyledons.
(18) It also adhered, though in much smaller numbers, to the uncut surfaces of mesophyll, epidermal, and phloem cell walls.
(19) With the exception of the phloem and the crown of the parenchyma, which borders the medullary lacuna, the walls of the tissues of both treated and untreated straw were lignified.
(20) The content of the vitamins in the phloem depends on the quantity of the yeast organisms in it.
Xylem
Definition:
(n.) That portion of a fibrovascular bundle which has developed, or will develop, into wood cells; -- distinguished from phloem.
Example Sentences:
(1) As shown earlier, at zero turgor pressure the intracellular freezing point of the parenchyma cells matches closely the negative pressure in the xylem sap.
(2) UDP-glucose was found to be the most important sugar nucleotide isolated from both cambial and young xylem tissue.
(3) The abnormal proliferation of lateral buds in the former plants is probably linked to the elevation of cytokinin level in xylem sap caused by strain IC3342.
(4) Fe, Cu, Zn, Ca, and Mg composition was determined for native teas made from shoots of Tagetes lucida, T. filifolia, Elytraria imbricata, and Holodiscus dumosus, and from root xylem of Ceanothus depressus and Phaseolus ritensis.
(5) A cDNA clone (Ptomt 1) encoding a lignin-bispecific O-methyltransferase (OMT) was isolated by immunological screening of a lambda gt11 expression library prepared from mRNA of developing secondary xylem of aspen (Populus tremuloides).
(6) Virus particles were present in all cell types of the epidermis, mesophyll, phloem, and xylem.
(7) Ultrastructural examination of leaf tissue of Nicotiana benthamiana infected with Indian cassava mosaic virus (ICMV) revealed abnormalities in phloem and, occasionally, xylem cells.
(8) This protein is stored in xylem ray cells during the winter season and is degraded in late spring.
(9) When cells were grown in medium with only 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid for a period of 5--10 subcultures and samples were transferred to the induction medium at intervals during the subcultures, the amounts of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase activity and the number of xylem elements induced progressively declined.
(10) A photo-oxidized solution of 3,3'-diaminobenzidine (DAB) is used to stain xylem parenchyma mitochondria in specimens prepared from lupin hypocotyls fixed with glutaraldehyde and osmium tetroxide and embedded in Epon.
(11) Likewise, the PRPs are localized in xylem vessel elements and fibers in tomato, petunia, potato and tobacco stems.
(12) This agrees with the present data, that the fluid which exudes from the xylem by applying gas pressure on the leaves is practically pure water; freezing point is rarely above 0.01 to 0.02 degrees .
(13) Occasionally BNYVV antigen was detected predominantly, but not exclusively in the xylem vessels.
(14) The xylem in the body of the haustorium of E. bidwillii has the shape of an inverted conical flask with the expanded portion being known as the vascular core.
(15) Other explanations are discussed, including a possible particularity of the infection in xylem tissue or a specific property of an unusual CaMV isolate.
(16) The bark, xylem of stem, and root of (1) Bombax malabarica DC.
(17) A biphasic pattern of gene expression and enzyme activity for OMT was observed from xylem samples of aspen during the growing season which suggests linkage between gene expression for a monolignol biosynthetic enzyme and seasonal regulation of xylem differentiation in woody plants.
(18) The former possesses the xylem fibres and tracheids with steep, tertiary spiral thickenings, while the latter possesses sclereids at stem-nodes.
(19) The bean phenylalanine ammonia-lyase gene 2 (PAL2) is expressed in the early stages of vascular development at the inception of xylem differentiation, associated with the synthesis of lignin precursors.
(20) In plant pathogenesis, less specific mechanisms of pathogenesis occur: exopolysaccharides cause wilting by blocking xylem vessels, are partly responsible for water-soaked lesions, and may also aid in invasion, growth, and survival in plant tissues.