What's the difference between pith and spirit?

Pith


Definition:

  • (n.) The soft spongy substance in the center of the stems of many plants and trees, especially those of the dicotyledonous or exogenous classes. It consists of cellular tissue.
  • (n.) The spongy interior substance of a feather.
  • (n.) The spinal cord; the marrow.
  • (n.) Hence: The which contains the strength of life; the vital or essential part; concentrated force; vigor; strength; importance; as, the speech lacked pith.
  • (v. t.) To destroy the central nervous system of (an animal, as a frog), as by passing a stout wire or needle up and down the vertebral canal.

Example Sentences:

  • (1) Finally, fosinopril had no effect on the pressor or chronotropic effects of norepinephrine (NE) or 1,1-dimethyl-4-phenylpiperinium (DMPP) or electrical stimulation of the sympathetic ganglia of pithed rats.
  • (2) Relatively weaker GUS activity was also detected in pith parenchyma.
  • (3) Both d- and l-amphetamine were also compared for their pressor and tachycardic activity in pithed rats.
  • (4) Intravenous administration of T-2 to pithed rats did not alter blood pressure or heart rate at a time when, in conscious rats, both blood pressure and heart rate were increased.
  • (5) Monoiodo-Ang II was found to be a potent, full agonist in in vivo bioassays and a more potent (2.5-fold) pressor agent than the native hormone Ang II in the pithed rat.
  • (6) APP 201-533 [3-amino-6-methyl-5-phenyl-2(1H)-pyridinone] was investigated in vivo in anesthetized and unanesthetized dogs and pithed open-chest cats and in vitro in guinea pig atria and papillary muscles, skinned muscle fibers from pig hearts, and rat myocardium.
  • (7) The effects of quinpirole, a specific dopamine DA2 receptor agonist, on autonomic nervous control of heart rate, were studied in normotensive pithed rats, by analysing its action on the tachycardia and bradycardia evoked by electrical stimulation of the cardioaccelerator (10 V; 1 ms; 0.5, 1, 3, 6 Hz) and vagus (10 V; 1 ms; 3, 6, 9 Hz) nerves respectively.
  • (8) Pith cells can shift from the C- to the C+ state by a process known as habituation.
  • (9) The pressor actions of ET3 and arginine vasopressin (AVP) were compared with one another in pithed rats in the presence of the calcium channel activator BAY K 8644 or the calcium channel antagonist nifedipine i.a.
  • (10) Both human endothelin 1 (ET1) and rat endothelin 3 (ET3) produced dose-dependent pressor effects in the pithed rat.
  • (11) Viprostol did not antagonize the tachycardia induced by stimulation of the discrete segments at C7-T1 (cardio-accelerator) of the spinal cord in pithed SHR, suggesting that viprostol did not activate the presynaptic alpha-adrenoceptors.
  • (12) In pithed rats, the vasopressor response to dihydroergotoxine was reduced competitively by yohimbine, and non-competitively by nifedipine, but not by prazosin or methysergide, showing that the vasoconstriction is mediated by alpha 2-adrenoceptors.
  • (13) The antagonistic effects of a new inositol phosphate derivative, D-myoinositol-1,2,6-trisphosphate (PP56), on pressor responses to preganglionic sympathetic nerve stimulation and exogenously administered phenylephrine or neuropeptide Y (NPY) were investigated in vivo in the pithed rat.
  • (14) We conclude that in contrast to the increase in diastolic pressure elicited by B-HT 920, calcium channels are not involved in the cirazoline-induced pressor responses in the pithed cat.
  • (15) Acute or chronic adrenalectomy did not alter the pressor responses and chronotropic effect of angiotensin in the pithed rat.
  • (16) Habituated cells derived from inducible pith cells give rise to normal plants whose leaf and pith tissues require cytokinin for growth in culture.
  • (17) The endovenous perfusion of the splenic material in acidified and alkalinized forms caused significant increases of the mean blood pressure in normal, vagotomized and pithed rats, showing that, in contradiction to previous reports, changes in pH did not affect its hypertensive activity.
  • (18) The dose-response curves of three alpha-agonists noradrenaline, St 587 and B-HT 933 in pithed rats were shifted rightwards by pretreatment (i.v.
  • (19) In pithed rats, only pindolol produced a definite fall of blood pressure.
  • (20) The bradycardia was reduced but not blocked by pre-treatment with guanethidine, yohimbine, propranolol or pithing.

Spirit


Definition:

  • (n.) Air set in motion by breathing; breath; hence, sometimes, life itself.
  • (n.) A rough breathing; an aspirate, as the letter h; also, a mark to denote aspiration; a breathing.
  • (n.) Life, or living substance, considered independently of corporeal existence; an intelligence conceived of apart from any physical organization or embodiment; vital essence, force, or energy, as distinct from matter.
  • (n.) The intelligent, immaterial and immortal part of man; the soul, in distinction from the body in which it resides; the agent or subject of vital and spiritual functions, whether spiritual or material.
  • (n.) Specifically, a disembodied soul; the human soul after it has left the body.
  • (n.) Any supernatural being, good or bad; an apparition; a specter; a ghost; also, sometimes, a sprite,; a fairy; an elf.
  • (n.) Energy, vivacity, ardor, enthusiasm, courage, etc.
  • (n.) One who is vivacious or lively; one who evinces great activity or peculiar characteristics of mind or temper; as, a ruling spirit; a schismatic spirit.
  • (n.) Temper or disposition of mind; mental condition or disposition; intellectual or moral state; -- often in the plural; as, to be cheerful, or in good spirits; to be downhearted, or in bad spirits.
  • (n.) Intent; real meaning; -- opposed to the letter, or to formal statement; also, characteristic quality, especially such as is derived from the individual genius or the personal character; as, the spirit of an enterprise, of a document, or the like.
  • (n.) Tenuous, volatile, airy, or vapory substance, possessed of active qualities.
  • (n.) Any liquid produced by distillation; especially, alcohol, the spirits, or spirit, of wine (it having been first distilled from wine): -- often in the plural.
  • (n.) Rum, whisky, brandy, gin, and other distilled liquors having much alcohol, in distinction from wine and malt liquors.
  • (n.) A solution in alcohol of a volatile principle. Cf. Tincture.
  • (n.) Any one of the four substances, sulphur, sal ammoniac, quicksilver, or arsenic (or, according to some, orpiment).
  • (n.) Stannic chloride. See under Stannic.
  • (v. t.) To animate with vigor; to excite; to encourage; to inspirit; as, civil dissensions often spirit the ambition of private men; -- sometimes followed by up.
  • (v. t.) To convey rapidly and secretly, or mysteriously, as if by the agency of a spirit; to kidnap; -- often with away, or off.

Example Sentences:

  • (1) Sheez, I thought, is that what the revolutionary spirit of 1789 and 1968 has come to?
  • (2) The spirit is great here, the players work very hard, we kept the belief when we were in third place and now we are here.
  • (3) Eight of the UK's biggest supermarkets have signed up to a set of principles following concerns that they were "failing to operate within the spirit of the law" over special offers and promotions for food and drink, the Office of Fair Trading has said.
  • (4) Olympic games are a competition between countries, but here spectators can freely choose which star to cheer for and unite as one,” said Inoki, a lawmaker in Japan’s upper house who was known as “Burning Fighting Spirit” in the ring.
  • (5) "I wanted it to have a romantic feel," says Wilson, "recalling Donald Campbell and his Bluebird machines and that spirit of awe-inspiring adventure."
  • (6) I would like to add the spirit within the dressing room, it is much better now.
  • (7) United have a fantastic spirit, we don't have the same spirit.
  • (8) Following exposure to white spirit vapour, the effect of the expired solvent on evidential breath alcohol equipment was investigated under controlled exposure chamber conditions and in a simulated painting exercise.
  • (9) Meeting the families shows how well-adjusted they are, their spirit and determination and the way they have acted is an absolute credit to themselves."
  • (10) Gin was popularised in the UK via British troops who were given the spirit as “Dutch courage” during the 30 years’ war.
  • (11) The main cause of oesophageal cancer in western countries is consumption of alcoholic beverages, the degree of risk being much greater for certain spirits than for wine or beer.
  • (12) Per adult (greater than or equal to 15 years) consumption of beer, wine, spirits and absolute alcohol for a 14-year period (1971--1984) was related to female breast cancer morbidity rates in Western Australia.
  • (13) At the front of the march was Lee Cheuk-yan, a former lawmaker of 20 years, carrying a banner calling for Liu’s spirit to inspire people.
  • (14) The country goes to the polls on Thursday in what observers see as its most spirited presidential race.
  • (15) People like Hugo forgot how truly miserable Paris had been for ordinary Parisians.” Out of a job and persona non grata in Paris, Haussmann spent six months in Italy to lift his spirits.
  • (16) This suggests that a surgical scrub should be used more widely in clinical practice, and that a spirit-based hand lotion might with advantage become a partial substitute for handwashing, particularly in areas where handwashing is frequent and iatrogenic coagulase-negative staphylococcal infection common.
  • (17) Horrocks plans to summon the spirit of Margaret Thatcher to make his case: “The [1970] Conservative government came in with a manifesto commitment to kill the Open University, to kill Harold Wilson’s brainchild at birth.
  • (18) And yet, the spirit of '68 endures, perhaps mythical, perhaps as a lingering sense of the possibilities that mass activism once had.
  • (19) In our time of rapidly changing life styles it is useful to understand that voices also mirror the spirit of an era.
  • (20) An increasing incidence of methylated spirit burns in barbecue users is documented in a three year retrospective survey.