(n.) The soft spongy substance in the center of the stems of many plants and trees, especially those of the dicotyledonous or exogenous classes. It consists of cellular tissue.
(n.) The spongy interior substance of a feather.
(n.) The spinal cord; the marrow.
(n.) Hence: The which contains the strength of life; the vital or essential part; concentrated force; vigor; strength; importance; as, the speech lacked pith.
(v. t.) To destroy the central nervous system of (an animal, as a frog), as by passing a stout wire or needle up and down the vertebral canal.
Example Sentences:
(1) Finally, fosinopril had no effect on the pressor or chronotropic effects of norepinephrine (NE) or 1,1-dimethyl-4-phenylpiperinium (DMPP) or electrical stimulation of the sympathetic ganglia of pithed rats.
(2) Relatively weaker GUS activity was also detected in pith parenchyma.
(3) Both d- and l-amphetamine were also compared for their pressor and tachycardic activity in pithed rats.
(4) Intravenous administration of T-2 to pithed rats did not alter blood pressure or heart rate at a time when, in conscious rats, both blood pressure and heart rate were increased.
(5) Monoiodo-Ang II was found to be a potent, full agonist in in vivo bioassays and a more potent (2.5-fold) pressor agent than the native hormone Ang II in the pithed rat.
(6) APP 201-533 [3-amino-6-methyl-5-phenyl-2(1H)-pyridinone] was investigated in vivo in anesthetized and unanesthetized dogs and pithed open-chest cats and in vitro in guinea pig atria and papillary muscles, skinned muscle fibers from pig hearts, and rat myocardium.
(7) The effects of quinpirole, a specific dopamine DA2 receptor agonist, on autonomic nervous control of heart rate, were studied in normotensive pithed rats, by analysing its action on the tachycardia and bradycardia evoked by electrical stimulation of the cardioaccelerator (10 V; 1 ms; 0.5, 1, 3, 6 Hz) and vagus (10 V; 1 ms; 3, 6, 9 Hz) nerves respectively.
(8) Pith cells can shift from the C- to the C+ state by a process known as habituation.
(9) The pressor actions of ET3 and arginine vasopressin (AVP) were compared with one another in pithed rats in the presence of the calcium channel activator BAY K 8644 or the calcium channel antagonist nifedipine i.a.
(10) Both human endothelin 1 (ET1) and rat endothelin 3 (ET3) produced dose-dependent pressor effects in the pithed rat.
(11) Viprostol did not antagonize the tachycardia induced by stimulation of the discrete segments at C7-T1 (cardio-accelerator) of the spinal cord in pithed SHR, suggesting that viprostol did not activate the presynaptic alpha-adrenoceptors.
(12) In pithed rats, the vasopressor response to dihydroergotoxine was reduced competitively by yohimbine, and non-competitively by nifedipine, but not by prazosin or methysergide, showing that the vasoconstriction is mediated by alpha 2-adrenoceptors.
(13) The antagonistic effects of a new inositol phosphate derivative, D-myoinositol-1,2,6-trisphosphate (PP56), on pressor responses to preganglionic sympathetic nerve stimulation and exogenously administered phenylephrine or neuropeptide Y (NPY) were investigated in vivo in the pithed rat.
(14) We conclude that in contrast to the increase in diastolic pressure elicited by B-HT 920, calcium channels are not involved in the cirazoline-induced pressor responses in the pithed cat.
(15) Acute or chronic adrenalectomy did not alter the pressor responses and chronotropic effect of angiotensin in the pithed rat.
(16) Habituated cells derived from inducible pith cells give rise to normal plants whose leaf and pith tissues require cytokinin for growth in culture.
(17) The endovenous perfusion of the splenic material in acidified and alkalinized forms caused significant increases of the mean blood pressure in normal, vagotomized and pithed rats, showing that, in contradiction to previous reports, changes in pH did not affect its hypertensive activity.
(18) The dose-response curves of three alpha-agonists noradrenaline, St 587 and B-HT 933 in pithed rats were shifted rightwards by pretreatment (i.v.
(19) In pithed rats, only pindolol produced a definite fall of blood pressure.
(20) The bradycardia was reduced but not blocked by pre-treatment with guanethidine, yohimbine, propranolol or pithing.
Spongy
Definition:
(a.) Soft, and full of cavities; of an open, loose, pliable texture; as, a spongy excrescence; spongy earth; spongy cake; spongy bones.
(a.) Wet; drenched; soaked and soft, like sponge; rainy.
(a.) Having the quality of imbibing fluids, like a sponge.
Example Sentences:
(1) It is concluded that during exposure to simulated microgravity early signs of osteoporosis occur in the tibial spongiosa and that changes in the spongy matter of tubular bones and vertebrae are similar and systemic.
(2) No AbMV DNA was found in cells from palisade and spongy parenchyma, the tissues which show the predominant cytopathological effects.
(3) The anterior superior iliac crest, the usual donor site for cortico-spongy bone grafts is unsuitable for the removal of large quantities of spongy bone.
(4) These stones contained little cholesterol and exhibited a spongy microstructure characterized by small tubules with a diameter of 1 micrometer.
(5) The article deals with study of some patterns of long spongy rib bone destruction in static and dynamic load of thorax.
(6) The spongy zone then dwindled in size just before parturition.
(7) Tissues in which concentrations were measured included cortical bone, spongy bone, muscle, fascia, cutis and subcutis.
(8) The specimens included the surrounding cortical bone and its internal spongy substance.
(9) The experimental findings can be satisfactorily treated in a quantitative way with the help of a model which contains the three components of spongy bone (mineral, fat and fat-free connective tissue.
(10) In both mutant types, the presence of many vacuoles gives the central nervous system a spongy appearance.
(11) An astrocytic hypertrophy was usually associated with the spongy change.
(12) The low density was due to a microcystic structure, which caused a spongy appearance and consistency.
(13) This tablets had a spongy aspect, with a desaggregation time of 1-2 min.
(14) The MA were restricted to spongy areas in Canavan's disease and Alpers' syndrome, whereas they were distributed throughout the brain in Leigh's disease.
(15) There was severe cerebral involvement with multifocal cystic necrosis, dystrophic calcification, spongy change, and vacuolization that had produced profound neurologic deficits.
(16) A certain regularity between enlargement of the teeth size, increasing angle of the lower jaw and decreasing size of the longitudinal and expressive dimensions of the jaws (in accordance with decreasing size of the spongy substance and its cells) has been revealed.
(17) An intraarticular surgical approach allows complete resection, but one case required spongy bone grafts.
(18) The major histological findings consisted of severe ependymal destruction, spongy changes in the periventricular white matter, increased density of capillaries in this area, and varying degrees of thickening, fibrosis, and fusion of the choroid villi.
(19) Eventually a steady state is reached in which mature chondrocytes resurface the defect while in the deeper areas spongy bone replaces the hypertrophic chondrocytes.
(20) The spongy changes, similar to Van Bogaert-Bertrand disease, resulted from intramyelinic edema.