(n.) The soft spongy substance in the center of the stems of many plants and trees, especially those of the dicotyledonous or exogenous classes. It consists of cellular tissue.
(n.) The spongy interior substance of a feather.
(n.) The spinal cord; the marrow.
(n.) Hence: The which contains the strength of life; the vital or essential part; concentrated force; vigor; strength; importance; as, the speech lacked pith.
(v. t.) To destroy the central nervous system of (an animal, as a frog), as by passing a stout wire or needle up and down the vertebral canal.
Example Sentences:
(1) Finally, fosinopril had no effect on the pressor or chronotropic effects of norepinephrine (NE) or 1,1-dimethyl-4-phenylpiperinium (DMPP) or electrical stimulation of the sympathetic ganglia of pithed rats.
(2) Relatively weaker GUS activity was also detected in pith parenchyma.
(3) Both d- and l-amphetamine were also compared for their pressor and tachycardic activity in pithed rats.
(4) Intravenous administration of T-2 to pithed rats did not alter blood pressure or heart rate at a time when, in conscious rats, both blood pressure and heart rate were increased.
(5) Monoiodo-Ang II was found to be a potent, full agonist in in vivo bioassays and a more potent (2.5-fold) pressor agent than the native hormone Ang II in the pithed rat.
(6) APP 201-533 [3-amino-6-methyl-5-phenyl-2(1H)-pyridinone] was investigated in vivo in anesthetized and unanesthetized dogs and pithed open-chest cats and in vitro in guinea pig atria and papillary muscles, skinned muscle fibers from pig hearts, and rat myocardium.
(7) The effects of quinpirole, a specific dopamine DA2 receptor agonist, on autonomic nervous control of heart rate, were studied in normotensive pithed rats, by analysing its action on the tachycardia and bradycardia evoked by electrical stimulation of the cardioaccelerator (10 V; 1 ms; 0.5, 1, 3, 6 Hz) and vagus (10 V; 1 ms; 3, 6, 9 Hz) nerves respectively.
(8) Pith cells can shift from the C- to the C+ state by a process known as habituation.
(9) The pressor actions of ET3 and arginine vasopressin (AVP) were compared with one another in pithed rats in the presence of the calcium channel activator BAY K 8644 or the calcium channel antagonist nifedipine i.a.
(10) Both human endothelin 1 (ET1) and rat endothelin 3 (ET3) produced dose-dependent pressor effects in the pithed rat.
(11) Viprostol did not antagonize the tachycardia induced by stimulation of the discrete segments at C7-T1 (cardio-accelerator) of the spinal cord in pithed SHR, suggesting that viprostol did not activate the presynaptic alpha-adrenoceptors.
(12) In pithed rats, the vasopressor response to dihydroergotoxine was reduced competitively by yohimbine, and non-competitively by nifedipine, but not by prazosin or methysergide, showing that the vasoconstriction is mediated by alpha 2-adrenoceptors.
(13) The antagonistic effects of a new inositol phosphate derivative, D-myoinositol-1,2,6-trisphosphate (PP56), on pressor responses to preganglionic sympathetic nerve stimulation and exogenously administered phenylephrine or neuropeptide Y (NPY) were investigated in vivo in the pithed rat.
(14) We conclude that in contrast to the increase in diastolic pressure elicited by B-HT 920, calcium channels are not involved in the cirazoline-induced pressor responses in the pithed cat.
(15) Acute or chronic adrenalectomy did not alter the pressor responses and chronotropic effect of angiotensin in the pithed rat.
(16) Habituated cells derived from inducible pith cells give rise to normal plants whose leaf and pith tissues require cytokinin for growth in culture.
(17) The endovenous perfusion of the splenic material in acidified and alkalinized forms caused significant increases of the mean blood pressure in normal, vagotomized and pithed rats, showing that, in contradiction to previous reports, changes in pH did not affect its hypertensive activity.
(18) The dose-response curves of three alpha-agonists noradrenaline, St 587 and B-HT 933 in pithed rats were shifted rightwards by pretreatment (i.v.
(19) In pithed rats, only pindolol produced a definite fall of blood pressure.
(20) The bradycardia was reduced but not blocked by pre-treatment with guanethidine, yohimbine, propranolol or pithing.
Sum
Definition:
(n.) The aggregate of two or more numbers, magnitudes, quantities, or particulars; the amount or whole of any number of individuals or particulars added together; as, the sum of 5 and 7 is 12.
(n.) A quantity of money or currency; any amount, indefinitely; as, a sum of money; a small sum, or a large sum.
(n.) The principal points or thoughts when viewed together; the amount; the substance; compendium; as, this is the sum of all the evidence in the case; this is the sum and substance of his objections.
(n.) Height; completion; utmost degree.
(n.) A problem to be solved, or an example to be wrought out.
(v. t.) To bring together into one whole; to collect into one amount; to cast up, as a column of figures; to ascertain the totality of; -- usually with up.
(v. t.) To bring or collect into a small compass; to comprise in a few words; to condense; -- usually with up.
(v. t.) To have (the feathers) full grown; to furnish with complete, or full-grown, plumage.
Example Sentences:
(1) Median effect analysis was applied for the evaluation of in vitro effect by the growth inhibition, and the in vivo effect by comparison of the increase of life span (ILS) in a combined group with the sum of ILS's in 2 single agent groups.
(2) Sonographic images of the gallbladder enable satisfactory approximation of gallbladder volume using the sum-of-cylinders method.
(3) It is shown that, by comparison of a reacting mixture at chemical equilibrium with a non-reacting but equally composed one, the sum of the mean concentrations of the reaction products can immediately be taken from optical absorption or from interferometric measurements.
(4) The visitors did have a chance to pull another back with three minutes remaining but Henry blazed a free-kick from within range on the left over the bar, summing up Wolves’ day out in the East Midlands.
(5) The norms are reported as "Scaled Score Equivalents of Raw Scores" for each age group and as "IQ Equivalents of Sums of Scaled Scores."
(6) The molar refractivity has been shown to be a superior parameter for the description of the activity of sulphonamides than the sum of electronegativities of atoms making up a heterocyclic substituent in the sulphonamide molecule and molecular weight of the substituent.
(7) Part of his initial lump sum will be donated to a fund to replace a hall destroyed by fire in an arson attack four years ago at St Luke’s Church in Newton Poppleford.
(8) The length of the diaphragmatic wall of the heart in both the right and left ventricle was equal to the sum of the length of the inflow tract and the thickness of the ventricular wall at the apex.
(9) Nickname: SuperSarko the Omnipresident Quote: "What made me who I am now is the sum of all the humiliations suffered during childhood."
(10) This structure is further characterized by approaches of both the carbonyl and the furan O atoms to ring H atoms with separations which are slightly less than the sum of the relevant van der Waals radii.
(11) The amount of gallium in 'blood-free' tissues was measured by correcting for gallium in residual blood and an estimate of intestinal absorption was then made by summing the values for all tissues examined.
(12) Enzyme levels in strains with concurrent mutations in both regulatory genes are considerably higher than the sum of the levels in strains with a cytR or a deoR mutation alone, indicating a certain co-operativity between the two repressor proteins.
(13) Transfer of nonprofessional tasks out of nursing and reduction of tension arising from reduced responsibility of nurses for coordinating activities with ancillary departments are possible explanations for the positive relation between the presence of SUM and professional nurses' satisfaction.
(14) The Soret MCD of the reduced protein is interpreted as th sum of two MCD curves: an intense, asymmetric MCD band very similar to that exhibited by deoxymyoglobin which we assign to paramagnetic high spin cytochrome a3(2+) and a weaker, more symmetric MCD contribution, which is attributed to diamagnetic low spin cytochrome a2+.
(15) In sum, these studies demonstrate the novel phospholipid ceramide 1-phosphate in HL-60 cells and suggest the possibility that a path exists from sphingomyelin to ceramide 1-phosphate via the phosphorylation of ceramide.
(16) During bilateral displacements, the activity induced by the respective contralateral leg is linearly summed or subtracted, depending on whether the legs are displaced in the same or in opposite directions.
(17) Binaural difference waves (BDWs), obtained by subtracting the sum of two monaural BAEPs from a binaural BAEP, were obtained in 16- to 20-day-old jaundiced Gunn rats before and after injection of sulfadimethoxine, which produces bilirubin neurotoxicity by promoting net transfer of bilirubin out of the circulation into brain tissue.
(18) The index was calculated by dividing the sum of the count rates over both knees and both wrists by the dose of technetium given.
(19) A "peeling" technique was used to estimate the time constants (tau 0 and tau 1) and coefficients (a0 and a1) of the first two exponential terms of the series of exponential terms whose sum represented the slope of the voltage response.
(20) To determine the effectiveness of nitroglycerin, alone or with phenylephrine, during AMI in man, 12 patients (five or whom had left heart failure) were evaluated by summing ST-segment abnormalities (sigmaST) from 35 precordial electrodes.