(n.) The first, or preaxial, digit of the fore limb, corresponding to the hallux in the hind limb; the thumb. In birds, the pollex is the joint which bears the bastard wing.
Example Sentences:
(1) The observation was made that the expressivity of the disease was fading: while there were 15 PPK patients among the 25 investigated members in the generations II and III, there were only 2 patients among 22 members in the generations IV and V. In addition to PPK incontinentia pigmenti was diagnosed in two instances and pollex duplex in one.
(2) In burrows there was noted a change of dominant species: in the period of intensive epizootic of 1972 they were Ct. pollex and C. tesquorum, in 1973 during a slump of epizootic--C. tesquorum and N. setosa and in 1974 when epizootic was not discovered at all--N. setosa.
(3) In such cases, a pollex abductus configuration of the flexor pollicis longus should be sought, and if found, corrected.
(4) Pollex abductus is an anomaly in which the flexor pollicis longus attaches not only at its customary insertion, but also into the extensor by a tendon that passes around the radial aspect of the thumb.
(5) This suggests that current nomenclatures for the three bones of the pollex is appropriate.
Preaxial
Definition:
(a.) Situated in front of any transverse axis in the body of an animal; anterior; cephalic; esp., in front, or on the anterior, or cephalic (that is, radial or tibial) side of the axis of a limb.
Example Sentences:
(1) The Greig cephalopolysyndactyly syndrome is an uncommon dysmorphic syndrome characterized by preaxial and postaxial polysyndactyly and minor craniofacial anomalies.
(2) Fourteen patients with preaxial polydactyly are classified into four types according to their morphologic configuration: type 1--ray duplication; type 2--completely duplicated phalanges; type 3--incompletely duplicated metatarsals; and type 4--incompletely duplicated phalanges.
(3) A maternal grandaunt also had preaxial polydactyly of the feet.
(4) Important features include the fact that limb reduction defects were primarily preaxial, included concomitant girdle hypoplasia when limb reductions were severe, were almost universally bilateral and did not include distal transverse-type defects often called "hemimelia".
(5) Preaxial tissue and the predigital chondrocyte condensations were reduced or missing following 250 and 350 mg EGME per 1 kg.
(6) The patient showed the full spectrum of anomalies including imperforate anus, perineal fistula, triphalangeal thumb, preaxial polydactyly, pre-auricular tags, and microtia.
(7) Our results seem to confirm their suggestion, although the hallucal type of preaxial polydactyly that they described seems to be much less frequent.
(8) A case of preaxial polydactyly and its surgical correction has been presented.
(9) Finally, with respect to the axial line, the ridge with its associated groove extended further preaxially in the leg bud than in the wing bud, making the leg bud ridge more symmetrical.
(10) The other had a partial duplication of the distal left femur, hypoplasia and proximal dislocation of the ipsilateral tibia, syndactyly of the right 1st and 2nd toes, and preaxial polydactyly of the left foot.
(11) Proximal and preaxial skeletal elements were the most severely malformed, e.g.
(12) These disorders have generally been separated on the basis of their limb anomalies into preaxial, postaxial, lethal, and atypical types.
(13) Polydactyly commonly occurred in about 12 hours of the latter half of the third day after cauterization (5 watts) of the preaxial area of the limb bud.
(14) All cases of both preaxial and postaxial (polyaxial) polydactyly were inherited and bilateral.
(15) If the radial area is distal to the zone of polarizing activity in embryological development, as it appears to be, the PCM explains the teratologic equivalence of preaxial duplications and deficiencies in certain circumstances and the prevalence of ulnar dimelias in forearm duplications.
(16) Poor results were often associated with preaxial duplications and persistent hallux varus.
(17) The feasibility of diagnosing the following morphological features by prenatal ultrasonography is demonstrated: coronal clefts of the vertebral bodies, metaphyseal and epiphyseal abnormalities, spinal deviations such as cervical kyphosis and a horizontal sacrum, additional ossification centres in the pelvis, and preaxial deviation of the thumbs and toes.
(18) On the other hand, posterior fragments (containing ZPA) showed stronger promotive effects on preaxial cells than on postaxial cells.
(19) In this report we present two unrelated patients with the postaxial dysostosis syndrome (Miller syndrome) and document further the phenotypic variability of the craniofacial stigmata and of the postaxial (and preaxial) upper and lower limb reduction anomalies.
(20) (Proc Greenwood Genet Cent 9:95, (1990) on maternal diabetes and preaxial polydactyly of feet in infants born to diabetic mothers.