What's the difference between polymer and reptation?
Polymer
Definition:
(n.) Any one of two or more substances related to each other by polymerism; specifically, a substance produced from another substance by chemical polymerization.
Example Sentences:
(1) Five days later, the animals were randomly assigned to one of four treatment groups: Group 1 received intracranial implantation of controlled-release polymers containing dexamethasone; Group 2 received intraperitoneal implantation of controlled-release polymers containing dexamethasone; Group 3 received serial intraperitoneal injections of dexamethasone; and Group 4 received sham treatment.
(2) In spite of important differences in size, chemical composition, polymer density, and configuration, biological macromolecules indeed manifest some of the essential physical-chemical properties of gels.
(3) The acetonitrile extract is concentrated and analyzed by HPLC, using a new polymer-based column, and detected by UV spectroscopy at 270 nm.
(4) These results suggest that glomerular IgA are IgA polymers and decreased hepatic clearance of hepatic IgA polymers may be responsible for the glomerular deposition of IgA.
(5) A method for the introduction of side chains containing isonitrile (isocyanide, functional group) on the backbone of polysaccharides and other hydroxylic polymers was developed.
(6) He knows polymer notes from travels in Australia, where they were first introduced in 1988, and he wants Britain to "move with the times" too.
(7) Poly(ortho ester) bioerodible polymers are suitable materials for the topical administration of a wide variety of therapeutic agents; varying the nature and amounts of excipients physically incorporated into the polymer will vary the erosion rates from a few hours to many months.
(8) By performing countercurrent distribution in the presence of a polymer-ligand, the protein that binds the polymer-ligand can be separated from a heterogenous mixture.
(9) Pulse labeling of the polymer with [2-3H]adenosine was also maximal at the same time points.
(10) Charged polymers, known to alter cell surface characteristics, reversibly inhibit the intercellular communication required in kidney tubule induction.
(11) A novel type of ion exchanger was prepared by multipoint covalent binding of polystyrene chains onto the surface of porous silica followed by polymer-analogous modification of the bonded layer.
(12) Another 52 received a 100-g (nonfasting) glucose polymer screening test followed by a 100-g glucose polymer tolerance test.
(13) The important role of the exocellular polymers for the structure, size and density of flocs can be well illustrated.
(14) A small number of children with protracted diarrhoea, who have severe mucosal injury may not be able to handle even starch and may require diets based on short chain glucose polymers.
(15) Rather, assembly of sIgM into polymers and their subsequent secretion are prevented in B lymphocytes by preceding targeting of monomeric sIgM to degradation.
(16) The neutral polymer was devoid of type 6 activity although it was serologically active.
(17) The tissue reaction was more severe for polymers having a higher rate of degradation.
(18) Control experiments with other constructs (e.g., allopurinol riboside linked to the mannose-free polymer) confirmed that the enhancement of activity was indeed achieved by means of the mannose homing device.
(19) Of the tested polymers, only polyvinyl methylacetamide and dextran inhibit a decrease in the level of mitochondrial enzyme activity which develops with administration of endotoxin.
(20) At different degrees of DNA damage, the average length of the poly-ADP-ribose chain did not practically alter, thus suggesting the increase in the number of polymer binding sites in the histones.
Reptation
Definition:
(n.) The act of creeping.
Example Sentences:
(1) Using fundamental concepts of hydrodynamics in porous media, we have rederived the Lumpkin-DèJardin-Zimm (LDZ) model for the gel electrophoresis of reptating, infinitely long, worm-like chains, such as DNA.
(2) Reptation theory predicts that channel gating will occur on the millisecond time scale and this is consistent with experimental results from single-channel recording.
(3) In polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, the retardation of DNA molecules containing regions of intrinsic curvature can be explained by a novel reptation model that includes the elastic free energy of the DNA chain.
(4) These observations cannot be explained either by sieving or by reptation mechanisms; transport was apparently controlled by spatial variations of chain configurational entropy.
(5) The biased reptation model provides a good framework for interpreting the results of continuous field DNA electrophoresis experiments performed in agarose gels.
(6) The dependence of effective radius on PE and the proximity of 2.PcE to the length of the rod are explained by (a) random orientation of rods at PE values in the region of the plateau, and (b) increasingly preferential end-first orientation (reptation) of the rod as PE decreases below PcE.
(7) The other process, slow, is characterized by a reptation time and a mean orientation factor in good agreement with the biased reptation model without overstretching.
(8) The electrophoretic differences were interpreted within the reptation theory to be mainly due to the molecular stiffness differences.
(9) It is shown that both the Ogston sieving and reptation migration mechanisms are operative.
(10) This apparent elongation indicates that end-on migration, or reptation is a likely mechanism for the electrophoresis of large DNA molecules in agarose gels.
(11) We apply a modified version of reptation dynamics to develop an actual physical model of ion channel gating.
(12) Calculations are presented showing that, when longer sequences are required, the maximum electrical field strength will be limited by the influence of biased reptation on the separation selectivity.
(13) In the case of a charged helix undergoing reptation in the presence of a transmembrane potential we show that the tail of the pdf will be exponential.
(14) Many of the concepts of polymer science can be applied successfully in a qualitative way to these cements, including the ideas of entanglements and reptation.
(15) The relaxation times of the stretched DNA molecules scale with molecular weight (or contour length) as N2.8, in reasonable agreement with reptation theories.
(16) The process was considered as dsDNA reptation through the phage tail.
(17) The kinetics of reptation process of dsDNA leaving the phage head is analysed theoretically.
(18) We apply the concepts of tube and reptation to the pulsed electrophoresis of DNA, considering both biased reptation and "breathing" modes (internal modes of the chain).
(19) We study the effect of electric field intensity and agarose gel concentration on the anomalous electrophoretic mobility recently predicted by the biased reptation model and experimentally observed for linear DNA fragments electrophoresed in continuous electric fields.
(20) As previously suggested, the transition from the linear to the concave segment corresponds to that from the randomly oriented DNA to the anisotropically stretched, "reptating" DNA.