(n.) A very light porous volcanic scoria, usually of a gray color, the pores of which are capillary and parallel, giving it a fibrous structure. It is supposed to be produced by the disengagement of watery vapor without liquid or plastic lava. It is much used, esp. in the form of powder, for smoothing and polishing. Called also pumice stone.
Example Sentences:
(1) A new method, not previously recommended, involving the use of a green rubber wheel followed by pumice or composite finishing paste was similarly examined and found to come closest to restoring the original, natural enamel surface.
(2) Radiograms of the cranium show a "pumice-stone" appearance of the dome and deformation of the sella turcica.
(3) This layer can be removed by thorough pumicing or by grinding.
(4) Also, fewer bacteria were recovered from vigorously-pumiced, molar-tooth surfaces 24 h after application of albumin compared to buffer-treated controls.
(5) Ragwheels and pumice samples were collected and cultured, the results of which mandate the need for infection control guidelines for the dental laboratory.
(6) Scanning electron micrographs, surface profile tracings, surface roughness recordings, and statistical analysis of data support the finding that the best surface finish is obtained when sandblasting, hard stone, medium abrasive disk, second sandblasting, electropolishing, hard rubber point, hard felt disk with pumice slurry, and felt disk and soft brush with polishing paste are used progressively.
(7) Finishing was done with wet pumice and cup, wet pumice and a brush, a grit rubber polishing point, and an aluminum oxide- coated disc.
(8) Method I consisted of green stone, followed in sequence by finishing bur and pastes of pumice, powdered chalk, and SnO2.
(9) Various abrasive materials, such as pumice, polyethylene, and aluminum oxide are widely used as adjuncts in the therapy of acne.
(10) Pumice and air-powder polishing gave a similar reduction of the sonic scaling roughness.
(11) The occlusal surface was (1) air polished for 20 seconds, (2) cleaned with pumice for 20 seconds, or (3) not cleaned.
(12) All patients received a subgingival scaling and pumice by a hygienist every 6 months.
(13) Test teeth were cleaned with pumice and 10% alcohol, air-dried, and insulated at the approximal surfaces with strips of rubber dam.
(14) Thus, pumicing is a necessary final step with all removal procedures studied.
(15) The mean CO2 output during anaesthesia in paralyzed patients can be monitored by continuous capnographic analysis of the total exhaled gases, the latter being mechanically integrated by pumice canisters.
(16) Food particles (wheat flour, fishmeal or yeast) were ingested approximately 3 times faster than inert particles (kaolin, pumice or synthetic cellulose).
(17) However, when the surface of the etched enamel was pumiced, the enamel reacquired both the shine and appearance of non-etched enamel.
(18) Samples of used dental laboratory pumice from the two dental laboratories were cultured for the isolation of fungi.
(19) A flat enamel surface was obtained with 600-grit silicon carbide paper and cleaned with a rubber cup and a water slurry of fine flour of pumice.
(20) The rubbing application of a hydrochloric acid-pumice mixture has been advocated for the removal of fluorotic-like areas of permanent teeth.
Roughen
Definition:
(v. t.) To make rough.
(v. i.) To grow or become rough.
Example Sentences:
(1) There may also be a direct removal of cell surface materials leading to the observed surface roughening of treated cells.
(2) In addition, the professional prophylaxis of restorations adjacent to the gingival margin must address the problems of the creation of a roughened surface by abrasion to composites from pastes and polishing.
(3) Glazed and roughened porcelain surfaces were evaluated.
(4) Whatever the cause(s), osteoarthritis results in deficient masking of the collagen fibers and in roughening of the cartilaginous surface.
(5) The experimental system allows the assessment of differences in light reflection caused by light scattering resulting from roughened enamel surfaces and by stains.
(6) Acid-etching of the roughened amalgam surface prior to application of Prisma Universal Bond decreased the bond strength by nearly 45%.
(7) The estimation of the depth of roughening in the area of the border of the filling was achieved with the help of the Förster profilograph.
(8) Perforation of the dorsal capsule of the distal radio-ulnar joint, allowing contact between the roughened ulnar head and extensor tendons, was present in every case.
(9) Particles are likely to cause surface roughening and increased wear rates in artificial joints.
(10) The region (designated DRE) includes four known loci: Roughened (R; 3-1.4), defined by a dominant mutation disrupting eye morphology; the nonvital locus Aprt, structural gene for adenine phosphoribosyltransferase; Dras3, a homolog of the vertebrate ras oncogene; and 1(3)ecdysoneless (1(3)ecd), a gene that has been implicated in the regulation of larval molting hormone (ecdysteroid) synthesis.
(11) The graft is slid under this bridge, placed onto the roughened surface of the carpus and pushed under the operculum raised at the base of the 2nd and 3rd metacarpals.
(12) The femoral prosthesis used was a roughened titanium alloy with a 50-microns surface treatment of hydroxylapatite applied to the proximal one third.
(13) Anterior and posterior to the anus were two slightly raised roughened patches consisting of several rows of small spines.
(14) Upward-pointing links were seen less frequently, and the surfaces of stereocilia and microvilli were smoother after fixation (3) compared with fixations (1) and (2) in which they were usually roughened in appearance.
(15) Scanning electron microscopy of spermatozoa from cimetidine-treated mice exhibited distinct departure from the normal morphology such as, (i) breaks at various places along distal portion of the tail, (ii) roughening, wrinkling and disorganization of plasma membrane of the head region, (iii) decapitation of the head and (iv) changes in shape of cytoplasmic droplet.
(16) Until then, dentists should continue to use the current methods of undercutting and roughening the metal surface in order to achieve additional retention.
(17) Slightly roughened surfaces were most common (86%).
(18) The investigation showed that the surface roughening of the metal wires used to reinforce acrylic resin denture base material increased the fracture resistance of the test specimens.
(19) Precoating and having a roughened surface proximally and distally on the stem contribute to extended longevity of the cement-metal interface.
(20) Damage to the femoral stems was characterized by stem fracture and roughening of the femoral head.