(n.) A transparent body found in the chromatophores of certain Infusoria.
Example Sentences:
(1) Immunoelectron microscopy shows that ubiquitin is located in the chloroplast, nucleus, cytoplasm, pyrenoid and on the plasma membrane.
(2) Where dilute the Fe-propionocarmine enhances nuclear staining without staining orthe organelles; where more concentration it also stains the nucleolus, spindle, spindle polar bodies, pyrenoid and protoplast.
(3) Similar results were obtained after chronic exposure to 4.9 x 10(-4) microM copper with the relative volume of the pyrenoid being 28% smaller than the controls.
(4) The presence of ribose-5-phosphate isomerase and ribulose-5-phosphate kinase activities was also noted in pyrenoid preparations.
(5) TMF-II consists mostly of thylakoid membranes still partially organized in grana; it contains also fragments of chloroplast envelope, pyrenoid tubules, and starch granules; thus it amounts to a fraction of chloroplast fragments which have lost practically all matrix components.
(6) The pyrenoid, when present, protrudes from the chloroplast, is also surrounded by the two chloroplast envelopes, and, in addition, is capped by a third dilated envelope or "pyrenoid sac."
(7) Both pyrenoids and fraction I protein are localized in the chloroplast, and both have two principal protein components.
(8) The English symbionts had a pyrenoid, compact chloroplast membranes and vesiculated polyphosphate bodies.
(9) Cells grown phototrophically without acetate possess more chloroplast ribosomes and have more normal membrane and pyrenoid organization.
(10) Cells grown mixotrophically in the presence of acetate have a highly disordered chloroplast membrane organization and usually lack pyrenoids.
(11) Statistical analysis of radioautographic grain distribution and measurements of different structural parameters indicate that (a) the chloroplast volume and surface remain constant during the process, whereas the growth of the photosynthetic lamellae parallels the increase in chlorophyll; (b) the lamellae do not develop from the chloroplast envelope or from the tubular system of the pyrenoid; (c) all the lamellae grow by incorporation of new material within preexisting structures; (d) different types of lamellae grow at different rates.
(12) For isolation of the nucleomorph, cells were slightly fixed with glutardialdehyde and thereafter, lysed by treatment with proteinase K and Triton X-100, leaving an intact nucleomorph-pyrenoid complex.
(13) The pyrenoid was found to contain a high specific activity of ribulose-1,5-diphosphate carboxylase which is the same enzymatic activity exhibited by fraction I protein.
(14) It is suggested that the pyrenoid contains fraction I protein and possibly other enzymes of the Calvin-Bassham carbon dioxide fixing pathway.
(15) Cytokinesis is accomplished by an annular median constriction causing the gradual separation of the chloroplast, pyrenoid, and other cell organelles, resulting in two equal daughter cells.
(16) In contrast, the relative volume of their pyrenoids decreased by 41.46%.
(17) Mixotrophic ac-20 cells are also characterized by low rates of photosynthetic electron transport, disorganized chloroplast membranes, and a small pyrenoid.
(18) The molecular weights and relative ratio of the two pyrenoid components are very similar to those of the two components of fraction I protein.
(19) In addition, the pyrenoid in synchronized cells has a transient existence, being present only in the first half of the light period.
(20) The ultraviolet absorption spectrum of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) extracts of pyrenoids showed a single peak at a wavelength of 277 nm, indicating the presence of protein and the probable absence of nucleic acid.
Starch
Definition:
(a.) Stiff; precise; rigid.
(n.) A widely diffused vegetable substance found especially in seeds, bulbs, and tubers, and extracted (as from potatoes, corn, rice, etc.) as a white, glistening, granular or powdery substance, without taste or smell, and giving a very peculiar creaking sound when rubbed between the fingers. It is used as a food, in the production of commercial grape sugar, for stiffening linen in laundries, in making paste, etc.
(n.) Fig.: A stiff, formal manner; formality.
(v. t.) To stiffen with starch.
Example Sentences:
(1) Glucose release from these samples was highly correlated with starch gelatinization (r2 = .99).
(2) It is suggested the participation of glycogen (starch) in the self-oscillatory mechanism of the futile cycle formed by the phosphofructokinase and fructose bisphosphatase reactions may give rise to oscillations with the period of 10(3)-10(4) min, which may serve as the basis for the cell clock.
(3) Tissue storage of hydroxyethyl starch (HES), a widely used artificial colloid, has been reported.
(4) Therefore, we changed from dextran 40 to hydroxyethyl starch in 1987 for the treatment of several otoneurological disorders.
(5) The present experiments examined flavor differences among starches.
(6) A small number of children with protracted diarrhoea, who have severe mucosal injury may not be able to handle even starch and may require diets based on short chain glucose polymers.
(7) Agarose gel electrophoresis demonstrated that the fast and slow components obtained on starch block electrophoresis corresponded to the pre-beta and late pre-beta band respectively.
(8) Dry matter and starch intakes were greater when corn was fed than when barley was fed.
(9) In a starch block, migration was toward the cathode at pH 8.0.
(10) Slowing starch digestion by inhibiting amylase activity in the intestinal lumen should improve postprandial carbohydrate tolerance in patients with diabetes mellitus.
(11) This study uses breath hydrogen analysis, a sensitive method for detecting the passage of starch into the colon, to determine if a potent amylase inhibitor is capable of producing carbohydrate malabsorption.
(12) Concentrates of amyloid substance derived from organs of 10 human patients representing a variety of clinical entities were characterized according to their amino acid compositions, their electrophoretic constituents mobile in urea-starch gel at pH 3 and their stability with respect to the binding of Congo red in the pH interval 9-12.5.
(13) The 13CO2 starch breath test is an attractive test for the study of factors affecting carbohydrate assimilation.
(14) Production of milk and milk fat was not affected, but yields of CP and SNF were decreased when additional starch was fed to cows.
(15) The effect of two doses (3 mg and 10 mg) of the inhibitor of pancreatic alpha-amylase trestatin on the metabolism of an oral load of 75 g of starch was observed in healthy human subjects.
(16) These were analyzed for: tannins, trypsin inhibitors, hemagglutinins (with cow, sheep, and human erythrocytes), damaged starch, available lysine, protein quality (by the NPR method), and true digestibility.
(17) Two-day-old poults were fed diets containing no added fat [44.6% starch, 2.2% ether extract by weight (HC)], 10% tallow (T), or 10% corn oil [(CO) 29.0% starch, 10.9% ether extract].
(18) We have examined under a variety of conditions the ability of potato starch phosphorylase to cause exchange of the ester and phosphoryl oxygens of alpha-D-glucopyranose 1-phosphate (Glc-1-P).
(19) In contrast, foci formed by 3-4 dysplastic crypts were decreased by the starch diet (P less than 0.05).
(20) Several experiments examined the preference of adult female rats for starch and starch-derived polysaccnarides using short- and long-term two-choice tests.