(n.) An animal having four feet, as most mammals and reptiles; -- often restricted to the mammals.
Example Sentences:
(1) BigDog Facebook Twitter Pinterest BigDog is a autonomous packhorse Funded by Darpa and the US army, BigDog is Boston Dynamics’ most famous robot, a large mule-like quadruped that walks around like a dog, self balancing and navigating a range of terrain.
(2) The apparatus consists of three basic components; a set of 4 strain gauge platforms on which the quadruped is trained to stand, a restraining device to keep the animal positioned over the strain gauge platforms and two mobile plates which mechanically stimulate the left or the right forelimb to produce the placing movement.
(3) This paper describes a system for the quantitative analysis of posture and stance in the freely standing quadruped.
(4) In estimated body weight and relative height of the coronoid process, the fossil is similar to arboreal quadrupeds, such as Cebus apella and Chiropotes.
(5) Neither the position of their center of gravity nor the average position of their foot contacts is substantially different from that of other quadrupeds supporting most of their weight on their forelimbs.
(6) Spontaneous quadruped walking with the ventral surface of the body off the floor was first observed at postnatal day 11.
(7) 10.25am BST Elefántcsontpart did always look like a particularly good name for the Ivory Coast, even when I had no idea what it meant – though I could guess that the first bit related to a large grey betrunked quadruped.
(8) A device used for study of postural reactions associated with placing movement in the quadruped is described.
(9) The energetic cost for walking is relatively higher for penguins than for other birds or for quadrupeds of similar body mass.
(10) These experiments evaluated the relative contributions of alpha- and beta-adrenoceptors to control of plasma renin activity (PRA) in conscious dogs in which PRA was elevated to two- and threefold basal levels by the orthostatic stress of passive quadruped standing and by 24-h water deprivation.
(11) Many parameters of gait and performance, including stride frequency, stride length, maximum speed, and rate of O2 uptake are experimentally found to be power-law functions of body weight in running quadrupeds.
(12) Ferrocyanide, a nontoxic, quadrupally charged anion was not absorbed; it could therefore be used as an osmotically active solute with reflection coefficient of 1.0 to adjust rates of fluid absorption, Jv, and to measure the coefficient of osmotic flow, Lp.
(13) Quadrupeds generally use the trot or its variations at moderate speeds, and first the canter and then the gallop as speed increases.
(14) Running in both bipeds and quadrupeds generally involves at least one aerial phase per stride cycle, but certain perturbations to running including running in circles, running under enhanced gravity, running on compliant surfaces and running with increased knee flexion (Groucho running) can reduce the aerial phase, even to zero.
(15) Compared to data obtained in quadrupeds, these results suggest that the entrainment of breathing frequency by the locomotor activity is due to central interactions between the respiratory and locomotor pattern generators and does not depend on a chemical regulation avoided here by short locomotor sequences.
(16) 1) Although periodic passive hindlimb movements can reproduce the enhancement of breathing frequency seen at the onset of muscular exercise, we have shown previously that they were unable to induce the 1:1 coupling which is observed between locomotion and respiration during galloping in quadrupeds.
(17) Experiments on human wrist-pendular activity and detailed analyses of the mass and length dependencies of the locomotory cycle times of quadrupeds, large birds, small passerines, hummingbirds, and insects are performed with respect to the dynamical properties predicted for systems in the pendular clocking mode.
(18) The ultrastructure of the bearing surface of baboon articular cartilage resembles that of quadrupeds such as the dog.
(19) MACN-SC 101 may represent the incipient divergence of a generalized platyrrhine arboreal quadruped toward a more suspensory form.
(20) If you’ve got a quadruped robot, or a robot with wheels, it’s not really designed for that environment, so it might be able to adapt.
Tetrapod
Definition:
(n.) An insect characterized by having but four perfect legs, as certain of the butterflies.
Example Sentences:
(1) In tetrapods, there are at least three possibilities.
(2) The saccular orientations are significantly different from those in tetrapods.
(3) We speculate, therefore, that the putative gene duplication that led to pancreatic polypeptide in the higher vertebrates took place after the time of divergence of fish and tetrapods.
(4) One of the divergent domains (DD8) consists of two regions of length variation separated by a short segment that is conserved at least throughout tetrapods.
(5) The phylogenetic and ontogenetic changes in the octavolateralis system of sarcopterygian fish and tetrapods, presumed to be important for the formation of an amphibian auditory system, are reviewed.
(6) The diversity of tetrapods increased from the Devonian to the Permian, remained roughly constant during the Mesozoic, and then began to increase in the late Cretaceous, and continued to do so during the Tertiary.
(7) Renin and JGC have been found in the kidneys of tetrapods and teleostean fishes.
(8) A tetrapod-like hypothalamo-hypophysial portal system and a persistent bucco-hypophysial canal are present in Megalops cyprinoides.
(9) Also, the evolution of hypercalcemic regulation in tetrapods will be discussed in the light of recent developments.
(10) These data, correlated with previous ones obtained on tetrapods, affirm the principle that there is a phylogenetic decline in the quantitative innervation of the vertebrate appendage.
(11) It appears that in non-mammalian tetrapods, namely birds and amphibians, the proteolytic processing of the pro-vasotocin involves only one cleavage, releasing the hormone moiety and a "big" neurophysin with two domains homologous to mammalian MSEL-neurophysin and copeptin, respectively.
(12) However, the fossil record of tetrapods has the advantages that it is easier to establish a phylogenetic taxonomy than for many invertebrate groups, and there is the potential for more detailed ecological analyses.
(13) The glycoconjugates of the extrapulmonary airways of 11 tetrapode vertebrates have been characterized by means of both conventional and lectin histochemistry.
(14) In some respects, Torpedo appeared closer to tetrapods than trout.
(15) The tetrapod and teleost PRLs share 34 common residues and these conserved residues are clustered in six domains (PD1 to PD6), suggesting that these common residues, or at least part of them, are responsible for the activities common to all PRLs.
(16) Comparable right and left wing bones of three species of bats failed to demonstrate one-sided dominance, although such dominance is widespread in tetrapods.
(17) Among living fish, the coelacanth Latimeria chalumnae (Actinistia), which is the only recent representative of the Crossopterygii (Actinistia and Rhipidistia), the lungfish (Dipnoi) and ray-finned fish (Actinopterygii), have each been considered as sister-groups of the tetrapods.
(18) The appearance of the membrane-bounded granules depends on the fixative used; after fixation with glutaraldehyde the granules are of a size and electron-density comparable to that found in tetrapod Merkel cells, but after fixing in osmium tetroxide the granules are inconspicuous.
(19) Meyer and Wilson's (1990) 12S rRNA phylogeny unites lungfish and tetrapods to the exclusion of the coelacanth.
(20) MCH stimulates melanosome aggregation within teleost melanocytes but also exhibits MSH-like (melanosome dispersing) activity on tetrapod (frog and lizard) melanocytes.