(a.) Using more worrds or images than are necessary or useful; pleonastic.
(a.) Exceeding what is natural or necessary; superabundant; exuberant; as, a redundant quantity of bile or food.
Example Sentences:
(1) Hexokinase, phoshofructokinase, and aldolase appear to be rate-limiting in normal cervix epithelium; however, since the increase in activity of the first two in cancers was least of all the glycolytic enzymes, redundant enzyme synthesis probably occurs in the malignant cell for the enzymes catalysing reversible reactions.
(2) Fifty-one severely retarded adults were taught a difficult visual discrimination in an assembly task by one of three training techniques: (a) adding and reducing large cue differences on the relevant-shape dimension; (b) adding and fading a redundant-color dimension; or (c) a combination of the two techniques.
(3) A factor analysis of the ratings given by standards monitoring teams to these 410 homes failed to demonstrate redundancy across standards or grouping of standards by objectives.
(4) Light and electron microscopy showed that polyneuronal innervation was retained in mutant endplates, and the normal process of withdrawal of redundant innervation did not occur.
(5) Carmon Creek is wholly owned by Shell, which said it expected the decision to cost $2bn in its third-quarter results due to impairment, contract provision, redundancy and restructuring charges.
(6) These results suggest that the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 LTR possesses functional redundancy which ensures virus replication in different T-cell types and is capable of changing depending on the particular combination of transcriptional factors present.
(7) Lloyds said it would achieve many of the job cuts through making less use of contractors and voluntary severance but admitted that some compulsory redundancies may be inevitable.
(8) The redundant tissue exhibited an increase in connective tissue components and an inflammatory infiltrate primarily of plasma cells.
(9) So far there have been 50 voluntary redundancies from editorial and a further 82 commercial jobs have been cut.
(10) In the presence of a normal resting ECG, with no hemodynamically-meaningful mitral regurgitation and no evidence of redundant mitral leaflets the risk is even less.
(11) Consequently, Young's classification now seems redundant.
(12) Staff at ITN On have already entered a redundancy consultation with their employer and the National Union of Journalists.
(13) The basement membrane is multilaminated with a highly redundant basal lamina.
(14) As well, two-dimensional 15N-1H heteronuclear spectroscopy was used to resolve a number of ambiguities present in the homonuclear spectra due to resonance redundancies.
(15) But the Afghan redundancy programme offered the chance to relocate to Britain only to interpreters who were still serving British forces in Helmand province in December 2012 and were employed for more than 12 months.
(16) The redundancies are due to be completed by the end of January.
(17) We propose that the deletion of the rRNA operon occurred in the ilv-leu gene cluster of the B. subtilis genome as a result of unequal recombination between redundant sequences.
(18) However, older adults, relative to young adults, exhibited greater reductions in accuracy as the processing requirements increased, and they made significantly more redundant or repetitive requests for information.
(19) The present study, however, qualitatively evaluates the unsharpness of redundant shadows of the mandibular ramus, especially with reference to the effects of first-slit width.
(20) Patients with redundant leaflets may be at high risk of sudden death.
Tautology
Definition:
(n.) A repetition of the same meaning in different words; needless repetition of an idea in different words or phrases; a representation of anything as the cause, condition, or consequence of itself, as in the following lines: --//The dawn is overcast, the morning lowers,/And heavily in clouds brings on the day. Addison.
Example Sentences:
(1) Two studies are reported in which subjects rated the acceptability of different tautological constructions either alone (Experiment 1) or with supporting contextual information (Experiment 2).
(2) Barton rubs Old Firm up the wrong way Joey Barton apologises ‘unreservedly’ after being sent home by Rangers Read more The phrase “Joey Barton Twitter storm” is pretty much a tautology, so it was no surprise that his decision to sign for Rangers in May had social media in a kerfuffle when his 2012 tweet – “I am a Celtic fan” – was dredged up so that it might be subject to calm and sober scrutiny from all concerned.
(3) These 5 were classified into 2 operations of varying the independent variable, 2 of holding the independent variable constant, and tautology.
(4) If Farage was tempted to reply that his opponent trades in a cut-price political rhetoric that reduces debate to a bewildering brew of slogans, tautologies and clap-lines, he chose instead to occupy the argumentative high ground – or as close as Ukippers get to it.
(5) What do tautological phrases such as Boys will be boys, A promise is a promise, or War is war mean and how are they understood?
(6) None of the other freedoms are as free as they were meant to be, so how about we make this freedom a bit less of a freedom to make it more in line with the other non-freedoms.” Caught up in the tautology of his argument, the prime minister went on to make ever wilder and contradictory claims.
(7) However, this tautologic upper limit does not uniquely define the critical duration.
(8) Duration judgments were explaned predominantly by succession, whereas succession judgments were explained tautologically or by mere "seeing."
(9) This is what passes for significant thought in the GOP: new scare facts colliding with new anecdotes of meetin’ folks, all to explain re-synonymized tautologies.
(10) Our results indicate that glucoreceptor cells in tissues perfused by carotid arteries may play a tautological role in the sympathetic response to hypoglycemia and imply that glucose-sensitive receptors must also be located elsewhere in the central nervous system or in the periphery.
(11) They are nothing more, Stewart now acknowledges, than tautologies.
(12) Confining the diagnosis of schizophrenia to the severe cases indicates a conservative, perhaps tautological, approach to this diagnosis.
(13) To avoid tautology, the nature of these was confirmed by immunostaining for epithelial membrane antigen (EMA) and factor VIII-related antigen (FVII RAg).
(14) The first is a tautology lacking explanatory power.
(15) The reasoning may be questioned because of faulty inferential leaps, undue reliance on the concept of 'maturity', the use of a tautology, ('The dependent person is...dependent'), internal contradictions, and a questionable analogy between children's and adults' behaviour.
(16) The basic tenet of twin biology, that most twin excess anomalies are due to MZs, is a myth self-perpetuated by a methodological tautology, and is false, at least for mortality.
(17) It is argued that since Heather & Robertson's 'new' approach incorporates a set of assumptions parallel to those of the disease concept it is equally tautological, and therefore does not represent the type of change in paradigm they propose.
(18) Historian and MP Tristram Hunt is indicted for "tautology and other errors".
(19) It is this devotion to the infinitely unknown that makes Hugo so meticulous in giving the reader Valjean's prison numbers; and why Valjean's name is almost a tautology.
(20) Forensic factors were found to be positively related to length of admission; and motivation for treatment--a problematic concept which has frequently been regarded as tautologous--is also discussed.