(a.) Obstinate in disobedience; contumacious; stubborn; unmanageable; as, a refractory child; a refractory beast.
(a.) Resisting ordinary treatment; difficult of fusion, reduction, or the like; -- said especially of metals and the like, which do not readily yield to heat, or to the hammer; as, a refractory ore.
(n.) A refractory person.
(n.) Refractoriness.
(n.) OPottery) A piece of ware covered with a vaporable flux and placed in a kiln, to communicate a glaze to the other articles.
Example Sentences:
(1) During electrophysiologic study, the effect of propafenone on the effective refractory period of the accessory pathway was determined, as well as its effect during orthodromic atrioventricular (AV) reentrant tachycardia and atrial fibrillation.
(2) Some evidence has shown that platelet crossmatching is useful in multitransfused patients with hypoplastic bone marrows who are refractory to platelet therapy through alloimmunization.
(3) The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of pretreatment with indomethacin on the refractory period to hypertonic saline-induced bronchoconstriction.
(4) This quantitative characterization of the properties of conduction and refractoriness of both the accessory pathway and ventriculoatrial conduction system and the relation between these characteristics and the accessory pathway location in ART patients provides additional insight into the prerequisites for the initiation and maintenance of this rhythm disturbance.
(5) Lisinopril increases cardiac output, and decreases pulmonary capillary wedge pressure and mean arterial pressure in patients with congestive heart failure refractory to conventional treatment with digitalis and diuretics.
(6) Extracorporeal photopheresis (ExP) was administered every other week in an outpatient setting to four patients with chronic refractory psoriasis vulgaris without arthropathy.
(7) Populations of B. globosus and B. nasutus from Dar es Salaam were refractory.
(8) When caffeine evokes a contraction, and only then, crayfish muscle fibers become refractory to a second challenge with caffeine for up to 20 min in the standard saline (5 mM K(o)).
(9) We present in this preliminary report the early results of therapy for refractory leukemia with an intensive preparative regimen for bone marrow transplantation including etoposide, cytosine arabinoside, cyclophosphamide, and fractionated total body irradiation.
(10) Amiodarone was able to suppress the premature ventricular beats, depress conduction and prolong refractoriness in both, the AV node and accessory pathway to prevent recurrences of atrioventricular reentry.
(11) Once initiated, this refractory state continues to develop even after removal of the light source and is essentially complete within 30 min.
(12) At lower frequencies of stimulation the heart beat is increased to rates dependent on interaction between the time course of the hyperpolarization and the refractory period of the heart.
(13) The results indicate that the conditions which inhibit the initiation of development are present in the Malpighian tubules and not in the midgut of the refractory mosquitoes.
(14) Parenteral cyclophosphamide or corticosteroid pulses should be reserved for cases with vasculitis or refractoriness to conventional drugs.
(15) These data suggest that in terms of prolactin release, prolactin producing tumour cells are intrinsically refractory to hypo thalamic dopaminergic signals.
(16) Pirmenol increased the atrial effective refractory period, but had little effect on conduction in the atrioventricular node and His-Purkinje system.
(17) Estramustine phosphate may be given safely for a prolonged period and has a place in the treatment of advanced prostatic cancer refractory to hormonal therapy.
(18) One or more of the followin factors were present in the "high-risk" group: ventricular dysfunction--ejection fraction less than 0.4, preinfarction angina, evolving infarction, recent infarction (less than 2 weeks), and refractory ventricular tachyarrhythmia.
(19) Although video urodynamics is the state-of-the-art modality for evaluating complex or refractory neurogenic bladder, the practicing radiologist with an understanding of this condition can detect many radiographic changes in the lower urinary tract that suggest neurogenic dysfunction of various types.
(20) Tinidazole (not available in the United States) may be effective in curing refractory cases of metronidazole resistance.
Stubborn
Definition:
(a.) Firm as a stub or stump; stiff; unbending; unyielding; persistent; hence, unreasonably obstinate in will or opinion; not yielding to reason or persuasion; refractory; harsh; -- said of persons and things; as, stubborn wills; stubborn ore; a stubborn oak; as stubborn as a mule.
Example Sentences:
(1) It has announced a four-stage programme of reforms that will tackle most of these stubborn and longstanding problems, including Cinderella issues such as how energy companies treat their small business customers.
(2) Of course there are some who are stubborn, like Robert Mugabe.
(3) The prime minister insisted, however, that he and other world leaders were not being stubborn over demands that the Syrian leader, President Bashar al-Assad, step down at the end of the peace process.
(4) It’s clear their relationship is most similar to that of a stubborn son and his long suffering mother.
(5) The contrast between these two worlds – one legal and flourishing, the other illegal and stubbornly disregarding of state lines – can seem baffling, yet it may have profound consequences for whether this unique experiment spreads.
(6) The causes of failure after acute injury include extensive local soft tissue and bony damage, severe concomitant head, chest or abdominal wounding, stubborn reliance on negative arteriograms in patients with probable arterial injury, failure to repair simultaneous venous injuries, or harvesting of a vein graft from a severely damaged extremity.
(7) "It was the character of David Cameron – his stubbornness, his anger and his rush towards war – which was the central cause of his defeat on Thursday night."
(8) Rebus, promised the Scottish author, will be "as stubborn and anarchic as ever", and will find himself in trouble with the author's latest creation, Malcolm Fox, of Edinburgh's internal affairs unit.
(9) A rising jobless total and an unemployment rate sticking at a stubbornly high 8% overshadowed a better than expected 27,100 fall in the claimant count in April, which compared with analysts' forecasts for a 20,000 drop.
(10) But the part of me that resists that, that is stubborn and wants to bulldoze things, gets in my way.
(11) One is the stubborn mystery of how a giant of its liberation movements, an intellectual who showed forgiveness and magnanimity years before Mandela emerged from jail, could turn into the living caricature of despotism.
(12) Sanctioning is no longer a last resort tactic aimed at the stubbornly workshy, say critics, but a crude way of pushing down claimant numbers and cutting back on the benefits bill.
(13) He was only 29 at the time, but nevertheless had that kind of stubborn certainty.
(14) They have a sort of stubbornness.” He later deals with hecklers at a Fifa HQ press event : “Listen, gentlemen, we are not in a bazaar .
(15) Dombrovskis stubbornly refused, instead pursuing "internal devaluation", depressing wages and conducting what he says was a 17% fiscal adjustment programme (the IMF says 15%).
(16) They formed a stubborn line in front of Wojciech Szczesny’s goal even if the statistics showed Arsenal’s pass-completion rate went down from 89% in the first half to 66% in the second.
(17) This was the first time a grouping of BME senior managers crossing health and social care had met together to look at barriers to gaining top jobs, and ways of breaking through systems which stubbornly never seem to shift.
(18) Broadly defined, this sort of behaviour involves procrastination, stubbornness, resentment, sullenness, obstructionism, self-pity and a tendency to create chaotic situations.
(19) At which point – obviously – you reach the stubborn limits of the debate: from even the most supposedly imaginative Labour people as much as any Tories, such heresies would presumably be greeted with sneering derision.
(20) A stubborn negativity characterised the insurrection.