(n.) The dish of a balance; hence, the balance itself; an instrument or machine for weighing; as, to turn the scale; -- chiefly used in the plural when applied to the whole instrument or apparatus for weighing. Also used figuratively.
(n.) The sign or constellation Libra.
(v. t.) To weigh or measure according to a scale; to measure; also, to grade or vary according to a scale or system.
(n.) One of the small, thin, membranous, bony or horny pieces which form the covering of many fishes and reptiles, and some mammals, belonging to the dermal part of the skeleton, or dermoskeleton. See Cycloid, Ctenoid, and Ganoid.
(n.) Hence, any layer or leaf of metal or other material, resembling in size and thinness the scale of a fish; as, a scale of iron, of bone, etc.
(n.) One of the small scalelike structures covering parts of some invertebrates, as those on the wings of Lepidoptera and on the body of Thysanura; the elytra of certain annelids. See Lepidoptera.
(n.) A scale insect. (See below.)
(n.) A small appendage like a rudimentary leaf, resembling the scales of a fish in form, and often in arrangement; as, the scale of a bud, of a pine cone, and the like. The name is also given to the chaff on the stems of ferns.
(n.) The thin metallic side plate of the handle of a pocketknife. See Illust. of Pocketknife.
(n.) An incrustation deposit on the inside of a vessel in which water is heated, as a steam boiler.
(n.) The thin oxide which forms on the surface of iron forgings. It consists essentially of the magnetic oxide, Fe3O4. Also, a similar coating upon other metals.
(v. t.) To strip or clear of scale or scales; as, to scale a fish; to scale the inside of a boiler.
(v. t.) To take off in thin layers or scales, as tartar from the teeth; to pare off, as a surface.
(v. t.) To scatter; to spread.
(v. t.) To clean, as the inside of a cannon, by the explosion of a small quantity of powder.
(v. i.) To separate and come off in thin layers or laminae; as, some sandstone scales by exposure.
(v. i.) To separate; to scatter.
(n.) A ladder; a series of steps; a means of ascending.
(n.) Hence, anything graduated, especially when employed as a measure or rule, or marked by lines at regular intervals.
(n.) A mathematical instrument, consisting of a slip of wood, ivory, or metal, with one or more sets of spaces graduated and numbered on its surface, for measuring or laying off distances, etc., as in drawing, plotting, and the like. See Gunter's scale.
(n.) A series of spaces marked by lines, and representing proportionately larger distances; as, a scale of miles, yards, feet, etc., for a map or plan.
(n.) A basis for a numeral system; as, the decimal scale; the binary scale, etc.
(n.) The graduated series of all the tones, ascending or descending, from the keynote to its octave; -- called also the gamut. It may be repeated through any number of octaves. See Chromatic scale, Diatonic scale, Major scale, and Minor scale, under Chromatic, Diatonic, Major, and Minor.
(n.) Gradation; succession of ascending and descending steps and degrees; progressive series; scheme of comparative rank or order; as, a scale of being.
(n.) Relative dimensions, without difference in proportion of parts; size or degree of the parts or components in any complex thing, compared with other like things; especially, the relative proportion of the linear dimensions of the parts of a drawing, map, model, etc., to the dimensions of the corresponding parts of the object that is represented; as, a map on a scale of an inch to a mile.
(v. t.) To climb by a ladder, or as if by a ladder; to ascend by steps or by climbing; to clamber up; as, to scale the wall of a fort.
(v. i.) To lead up by steps; to ascend.
Example Sentences:
(1) The clinical usefulness of neonatal narcotic abstinence scales is reviewed, with special reference to their application in treatment.
(2) Since the start of this week, markets have been more cautious, with bond yields in Spain reaching their highest levels in four months on Tuesday amid concern about the scale of the austerity measures being imposed by the government and fears that the country might need a bailout.
(3) During the chronic phase, pain was assessed using visual analogue scales at 8 AM and 4 PM daily.
(4) Implications of the theory for hypothesis testing, theory construction, and scales of measurement are considered.
(5) The spatial spread or blur parameter of the blobs was adopted as a scale parameter.
(6) A full-scale war is unlikely but there is clear concern in Seoul about the more realistic threat of a small-scale attack on the South Korean military or a group of islands near the countries' disputed maritime border in the Yellow Sea.
(7) While both inhibitors caused thermosensitization, they did not affect the time scale for the development of thermotolerance at 42 degrees C or after acute heating at 45 degrees C. The inhibitors of poly(ADP-ribosylation) radiosensitizers and thermosensitizers may be of use in the treatment of cancer using a combined modality of radiation and hyperthermia.
(8) The move to an alliance model is not only to achieve greater scale and reach, although growing from 15 partner organisations to 50 members is not to be sniffed at.
(9) However, the effects of such large-scale calvarial repositioning on subsequent brain mass growth trajectories and compensatory cranio-facial growth changes is unclear.
(10) The usefulness of the proposed method is obvious in cases where the composition of a precipitate on LM scale is to be compared with the LM appearance of the surrounding tissue.
(11) Meanwhile Ed Miliband, the Labour leader, waiting anxiously for news of the scale of the Labour advance in his first nationwide electoral test, will urge the electorate not to be duped by the promise of a coalition mark 2, predicting sham concessions by the Conservatives .
(12) Potential revisions of the scale, as well as cautions for its use in clinical applications on its present form are discussed.
(13) High score on the hysteria scale of Middlesex Hospital Questionnaire was a risk indicator for all kinds of back pain.
(14) Assessments were made daily by patients, using visual analogue scales, of their pain levels at rest, at night and on activity, and of the limitation of their activity.
(15) Physicians and adolescents differed significantly in the ratings of all but one scale, weight.
(16) There are questions with regard to the interpretation of some of the newer content scales of the MMPI-2, whereas most clinicians feel comfortably familiar, even if not entirely satisfied, with the Wiggins Content Scales of the MMPI.
(17) Six patients showed an improvement greater than 50% on the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale.
(18) The system of automated diagnosis makes it possible to significantly increase the quality and efficacy of wide-scale prophylactic check-ups of the population.
(19) Meanwhile, the efficacy and side effects were observed clinically by using scale (BRMS, CGI and TESS).
(20) The norms are reported as "Scaled Score Equivalents of Raw Scores" for each age group and as "IQ Equivalents of Sums of Scaled Scores."
Subdominant
Definition:
(n.) The fourth tone above, or fifth below, the tonic; -- so called as being under the dominant.
Example Sentences:
(1) Effect of immobilization stress on myocardial ultrastructure has been studied in rats occupying, according to the behavior, dominant, subdominant and "outcast" position in the group.
(2) Content of dopamine and serotonin in the brain structures studied was found to be different in dominants and subdominants.
(3) They probably consist of a dominant, monogamous breeding pair, its dependent offspring and separate hierarchies of subdominant males and females who stay associated with the group for various lengths of time.
(4) When an unconditioned reflex (blinking) was used as in agent exposing defensive dominant, it was found that summation in the dominant focus may occur without a conjugate inhibition of the subdominant center.
(5) Long delays in the experimental scheme enabled the subdominant to get up to 50% of the food reinforcement due to the dominant baboons mistakes.
(6) The established neuro-psychological syndrome in observations with neoplasms in the right subdominant hemisphere possesses only a tentative topico-diagnostical significance.
(7) The repression of the subdominant flora by the dominant flora prevents the subdominant flora from spreading to the mesenteric ganglia and then the whole body.
(8) In healthy subjects, in a state of relative rest, with different individual profiles of asymmetry (20 right-handed and 10 left-handed subjects), a greater conjunction of electrical brain processes (estimated by mean EEG coherence levels) has been found in the dominant hemisphere as compared to the subdominant one, more distinctly expressed in the right-handed subjects.
(9) We compared resting conditions after a special relaxation procedure with three music perception tasks: (1) a standardised rumba rhythm generated by a keyboard and delivered binaurally by earphones, (2) the same as an arpeggio in D major, and (3) the same as an arpeggio with a tonic-subdominant-dominant cadence.
(10) The report contains some results of an experimental psychological study of memory in 144 patients with lesions of the right and left temporal lobes and in 25 patients with parkinsonism, who had undergone stereotaxic operations on the nuclear structures of the thalamus for dominant and subdominant speech of the brain hemisphere.
(11) Within a week, this was followed by obvious decrease of noradrenaline content in different regions of the brain in both dominant and subdominant animals, whereas the brain serotonin and dopamine levels did not change.
(12) Decrease of norepinephrine and dopamine content by the injection of alpha-methyl-DL-tyrosine and decrease of norepinephrine alone by means of FLA-57 and also norepinephrine decrease and dopamine increase caused by combined injection of FLA-57 and alpha-DOPA were accompanied by a transfer of dominant and subdominant animals into the rank of subordinates.
(13) The obvious negative state of the subdominant baboon resulted in a severe neurotic breakdown.
(14) The dominant flora is strictly anaerobic and the subdominant flora optionally aero-anaerobic, consist mainly of Enterobacter, Streptococci and Lactobacilli.
(15) Dominant, subdominant, subordinate and non-aggressive mice were recognized in these groups.
(16) There was a larger increase in the blood concentrations of dopamine, serotonin and cortisol and more significant inhibition of testosterone production under the influence of two-hour immobilization as compared to the subdominant animals.
(17) Particularly sexually successful animals, carrying out the most ejaculations, live 10-20% longer than their (subdominant) competitors displaying less sexual success.
(18) A distinct decrease of NA concentration in the brain produced an increase of intermale aggression and elevation of plasma testosterone level in dominant mice, whereas brain NA alteration did not change testosterone level in the blood and decreased aggressiveness in subdominant animals.
(19) Depending on the level of excitation in the dominant focus, the subdominant focus may be both in inhibitory state (no blinking in response to the subdominant stimulus) and in a state of enhanced excitation (the reflex to its proper stimulus increases).
(20) The barrier flora, consisting of groups of anaerobes, either prevent the implantation of exogenous microorganisms (drastic barrier) or limit it to the subdominant flora (permissive barrier).