(v. t.) To cut, clip, or sever anything from with shears or a like instrument; as, to shear sheep; to shear cloth.
(v. t.) To separate or sever with shears or a similar instrument; to cut off; to clip (something) from a surface; as, to shear a fleece.
(v. t.) To reap, as grain.
(v. t.) Fig.: To deprive of property; to fleece.
(v. t.) To produce a change of shape in by a shear. See Shear, n., 4.
(v. t.) A pair of shears; -- now always used in the plural, but formerly also in the singular. See Shears.
(v. t.) A shearing; -- used in designating the age of sheep.
(v. t.) An action, resulting from applied forces, which tends to cause two contiguous parts of a body to slide relatively to each other in a direction parallel to their plane of contact; -- also called shearing stress, and tangential stress.
(v. t.) A strain, or change of shape, of an elastic body, consisting of an extension in one direction, an equal compression in a perpendicular direction, with an unchanged magnitude in the third direction.
(v. i.) To deviate. See Sheer.
(v. i.) To become more or less completely divided, as a body under the action of forces, by the sliding of two contiguous parts relatively to each other in a direction parallel to their plane of contact.
Example Sentences:
(1) The sticking probability decreased as the cell receptor concentration was lowered from approximately 10(4) to 10(2) receptors per 4-microns diam liposome and as the shear rate increased from 5 to 22 s-1.
(2) Gonococcal outer membranes were purified by differential ultracentrifugation of sheared organisms treated with EDTA.
(3) This movement generates forward and backward shearing force in the stagnation region as the separated flow migrates back and forth.
(4) This model characterized the abnormal flow by a weak fluctuation of wall shear stress at the site adjacent to the vessel wall.
(5) The hemolytic characteristics of 14 different polydimethyl-siloxane materials were studied, using a rotating disk device to shear whole human blood for 6000 sec.
(6) Since the antithrombin action of heparin fails to interrupt arterial thrombosis, a mediating role for thrombin (EC 3.4.21.5) in the formation of high-shear platelet-dependent thrombus has been unproven.
(7) A propensity for elevated shear in the deep cartilage layer near the contact periphery, observed in nearly all computed stress distributions, is consistent with previous experimental findings of fissuring at that level in the impulsively loaded rabbit knee.
(8) The development of a shear transducer, small enough to be worn comfortably under a normal foot, is described, along with a microcomputer controlled data logger.
(9) In an emergency, the devices use multiple mechanisms – including clamps and shears – to try to choke off the oil flowing up from a pipe and disconnect the rig from the well.
(10) Cement was pressurized into the cavity of the anatomic specimens, and the maximum interface shear strength between the cement plug and the bone was experimentally determined for each revision.
(11) At the divider side walls, wall shear stresses are relatively high and approximately follow the flow rate distribution in time.
(12) Platelet adhesion onto subendothelium of a damaged blood vessel depends upon the presence of von Willebrand factor (vWf) only at high flow shear rate.
(13) Shear stress and first normal stress difference are measured as a function of shear gradient to calculate the apparent shear viscosity eta 1 and the apparent normal viscosity psi 7 as well as an apparent shear modulus G'.
(14) The accepted cause of this shear rate-dependent and time-dependent behavior is the progressive breakdown of rouleaux into individual red cells.
(15) The mean length of a population of microtubules containing GMPPCP increased only by 37% over a 150 min time period after shearing.
(16) By studying the kinetics of urease-catalyzed urea hydrolysis during application of hydrodynamic shear under varying chemical environments, we demonstrate that micromolar quantities of metal ions, in this case adventitious Fe, can accelerate the oxidation of thiol groups on urease and thus inactivate it when the protein is subjected to a shearing stress of order 1.0 Pa.
(17) The viscosity of these materials were measured by using the Ishida-Giken cone and plate high shear rheometer.
(18) The primate skull physical model data and the critical shear strain associated with the threshold for severe diffuse axonal injury were used to scale data obtained from previous studies to man, and thus derive a diffuse axonal injury tolerance for rotational acceleration for humans.
(19) Flagellar filaments were isolated from either culture fluid or concentrated cell suspensions that were subjected to shearing.
(20) Hemodilution seems particularly promising under hemodynamic condition of low shear stresses in vivo.
Smear
Definition:
(n.) To overspread with anything unctuous, viscous, or adhesive; to daub; as, to smear anything with oil.
(n.) To soil in any way; to contaminate; to pollute; to stain morally; as, to be smeared with infamy.
(n.) A fat, oily substance; oinment.
(n.) Hence, a spot made by, or as by, an unctuous or adhesive substance; a blot or blotch; a daub; a stain.
Example Sentences:
(1) From these results it was concluded that FITC-Con A staining method applied to smear specimens is more advantageous in the rapidity and the simplicity for tumor cell diagnosis than section specimen method.
(2) The other 3 groups all had smear patterns similar to controls.
(3) The relationship between technique of obtaining Papanicolaou smears, presence of endocervical cells, and rate of cervical neoplasia was studied by comparing an endocervical and ectocervical nylon brush (Bayne brush), Ayre spatula plus endocervical brush, and spatula plus cotton-tipped swab in a randomized, prospective trial involving 11,061 patients.
(4) Four study groups were investigated using the Kato faecal smear method.
(5) Distribution of cells in these smears was found to be random.
(6) Subsequently, the inflammatory reaction diminishes, as can be seen on smears from tympanic effusions.
(7) All cases of MCT were correctly diagnosed on cytology, and amyloid could be demonstrated in the cytologic smears in three cases.
(8) Hosts showed vaginal opening within 5 days and cornified vaginal smears by 9 days.
(9) The absence of hemorrhagic manifestations with persisting low platelets counts led to a re-examination of peripheral blood smear and to the diagnosis of pseudothrombocytopenia.
(10) At diagnosis 25% showed malignant cells in the bone marrow smears.
(11) Slide smears revealed the rosette-shaped pattern characteristic of malignant neuroblastoma, many of which were fitted with dendritic plasmatic processes.
(12) The mean age of gravidae with doubtful smears is about 6 years beyond the mean age of gravidae with positive smears.
(13) Tissue imprints of rabbit liver and spleen and smears of human venous blood were stained and controlled microscopically.
(14) The unsatisfactory smear showed atypical spindle cells.
(15) An infectious etiology should be suspected in cases of necrotizing scleritis associated with a purulent discharge, and appropriate smears and cultures should be obtained.
(16) Using control blood smears, we compared the results of the Fetaldex kit with those results obtained by the Betke-Kleihauer technique.
(17) Fever was also associated with a higher incidence of lymphopenia, hyponatraemia, hypoalbuminaemia and many acid-fast bacilli on sputum smear.
(18) At necropsy 1 of the 21 animals exhibited tuberculous lesions, and acid-fast microorganisms were identified on direct smears of lymphatic tissue of a second animal.
(19) T lymphocyte subsets were identified with monoclonal antibodies and pattern of alpha-naphthyl-acetate esterase (ANAE) staining pattern in the case of peripheral blood and ANAE staining pattern with thyroid aspirate smears.
(20) Both patients had high levels of circulating capsular polysaccharide, and one patient had visible diplococci on a smear of the peripheral blood.