What's the difference between shear and transvection?
Shear
Definition:
(v. t.) To cut, clip, or sever anything from with shears or a like instrument; as, to shear sheep; to shear cloth.
(v. t.) To separate or sever with shears or a similar instrument; to cut off; to clip (something) from a surface; as, to shear a fleece.
(v. t.) To reap, as grain.
(v. t.) Fig.: To deprive of property; to fleece.
(v. t.) To produce a change of shape in by a shear. See Shear, n., 4.
(v. t.) A pair of shears; -- now always used in the plural, but formerly also in the singular. See Shears.
(v. t.) A shearing; -- used in designating the age of sheep.
(v. t.) An action, resulting from applied forces, which tends to cause two contiguous parts of a body to slide relatively to each other in a direction parallel to their plane of contact; -- also called shearing stress, and tangential stress.
(v. t.) A strain, or change of shape, of an elastic body, consisting of an extension in one direction, an equal compression in a perpendicular direction, with an unchanged magnitude in the third direction.
(v. i.) To deviate. See Sheer.
(v. i.) To become more or less completely divided, as a body under the action of forces, by the sliding of two contiguous parts relatively to each other in a direction parallel to their plane of contact.
Example Sentences:
(1) The sticking probability decreased as the cell receptor concentration was lowered from approximately 10(4) to 10(2) receptors per 4-microns diam liposome and as the shear rate increased from 5 to 22 s-1.
(2) Gonococcal outer membranes were purified by differential ultracentrifugation of sheared organisms treated with EDTA.
(3) This movement generates forward and backward shearing force in the stagnation region as the separated flow migrates back and forth.
(4) This model characterized the abnormal flow by a weak fluctuation of wall shear stress at the site adjacent to the vessel wall.
(5) The hemolytic characteristics of 14 different polydimethyl-siloxane materials were studied, using a rotating disk device to shear whole human blood for 6000 sec.
(6) Since the antithrombin action of heparin fails to interrupt arterial thrombosis, a mediating role for thrombin (EC 3.4.21.5) in the formation of high-shear platelet-dependent thrombus has been unproven.
(7) A propensity for elevated shear in the deep cartilage layer near the contact periphery, observed in nearly all computed stress distributions, is consistent with previous experimental findings of fissuring at that level in the impulsively loaded rabbit knee.
(8) The development of a shear transducer, small enough to be worn comfortably under a normal foot, is described, along with a microcomputer controlled data logger.
(9) In an emergency, the devices use multiple mechanisms – including clamps and shears – to try to choke off the oil flowing up from a pipe and disconnect the rig from the well.
(10) Cement was pressurized into the cavity of the anatomic specimens, and the maximum interface shear strength between the cement plug and the bone was experimentally determined for each revision.
(11) At the divider side walls, wall shear stresses are relatively high and approximately follow the flow rate distribution in time.
(12) Platelet adhesion onto subendothelium of a damaged blood vessel depends upon the presence of von Willebrand factor (vWf) only at high flow shear rate.
(13) Shear stress and first normal stress difference are measured as a function of shear gradient to calculate the apparent shear viscosity eta 1 and the apparent normal viscosity psi 7 as well as an apparent shear modulus G'.
(14) The accepted cause of this shear rate-dependent and time-dependent behavior is the progressive breakdown of rouleaux into individual red cells.
(15) The mean length of a population of microtubules containing GMPPCP increased only by 37% over a 150 min time period after shearing.
(16) By studying the kinetics of urease-catalyzed urea hydrolysis during application of hydrodynamic shear under varying chemical environments, we demonstrate that micromolar quantities of metal ions, in this case adventitious Fe, can accelerate the oxidation of thiol groups on urease and thus inactivate it when the protein is subjected to a shearing stress of order 1.0 Pa.
(17) The viscosity of these materials were measured by using the Ishida-Giken cone and plate high shear rheometer.
(18) The primate skull physical model data and the critical shear strain associated with the threshold for severe diffuse axonal injury were used to scale data obtained from previous studies to man, and thus derive a diffuse axonal injury tolerance for rotational acceleration for humans.
(19) Flagellar filaments were isolated from either culture fluid or concentrated cell suspensions that were subjected to shearing.
(20) Hemodilution seems particularly promising under hemodynamic condition of low shear stresses in vivo.
Transvection
Definition:
(n.) The act of conveying or carrying over.
Example Sentences:
(1) Chromosomal rearrangements which disrupt transvection possess a breakpoint in a particular segment of the chromosome arm bearing the transvection-sensitive gene (arm 2L for the DDP-C and 3R for the BX-C); this segment of each arm has been termed the critical region by Lewis (1954).
(2) The zeste gene product is required for transvection effects that imply the ability of regulatory elements on one chromosome to affect the expression of the homologous gene in a somatically paired chromosome.
(3) The factor Dichaete (D3) permits easier scoring of the transvection phenotype.
(4) Possible mechanisms for the trans-acting effect of niv-525 and its relationship to other examples of allelic interactions, such as transvection in Drosophila melanogaster, are discussed.
(5) These results indicate that both the zeste-white interaction and transvection effects require the formation of high order aggregates.
(6) We discuss the normal cis regulatory role of these functions involved in trans interactions between homologous Ubx genes, as well as the implications of our results for the current models on transvection.
(7) Only Cbx2 and CbxIRM (a revertant of Cbx1) show synapsis-dependent gene expression ("transvection").
(8) These recent observations continue a history of studies concerning zeste and transvection which has inspired molecular models linking chromosome structure and positioning to the modulation of gene expression.
(9) Somatic transfer of genomic imprinting between homologs by means of a transvection-like process between paired Tme and T loci is proposed as a model to explain the results obtained.
(10) We show that this domain is responsible for the extensive aggregation properties of zeste that are required for its role in transvection phenomena.
(11) A new adaptation of the bithorax transvection method by Mendelson permits the recovery of high yields of chromosome aberrations in a fast one-generation test.
(12) We have confirmed that, although the Ubx1 allele does not produce detectable Ubx proteins (UBX), it does retain other genetic functions detectable by their effects on the expression of a paired, homologous Ubx allele, i.e., by transvection.
(13) The conditions necessary for each transvection effect were determined from these transvection groups.
(14) The genetic properties of the proximity-dependent allelic complementation (termed transvection effects) at the BX-C and DPP-C, are quite similar.
(15) Transvection was explained by trans-activation of promoter in y2-allele by enhancer of y1-allele.
(16) The bithorax34e mutation only transvects with Ultrabithorax mutations with a contiguous Ultrabithorax transcriptional unit.
(17) The zeste gene product is involved in two types of genetic effects dependent on chromosome pairing: transvection and the zeste-white interaction.
(18) Special attention is paid to the transvection effect (synapsis-dependent interaction between white and zeste genes), cis-acting regulatory elements and the behaviour of the white genes introduced into the genome by P element-mediated DNA transformation.
(19) Surprisingly, previous genetic experiments indicate that zeste is a nonessential gene shown only to act in a dispensable regulatory process termed transvection.
(20) One can discriminate between otherwise phenotypically similar mutations via their transvection behavior.