What's the difference between spindle and spinule?
Spindle
Definition:
(n.) The long, round, slender rod or pin in spinning wheels by which the thread is twisted, and on which, when twisted, it is wound; also, the pin on which the bobbin is held in a spinning machine, or in the shuttle of a loom.
(n.) A slender rod or pin on which anything turns; an axis; as, the spindle of a vane.
(n.) The shaft, mandrel, or arbor, in a machine tool, as a lathe or drilling machine, etc., which causes the work to revolve, or carries a tool or center, etc.
(n.) The vertical rod on which the runner of a grinding mill turns.
(n.) A shaft or pipe on which a core of sand is formed.
(n.) The fusee of a watch.
(n.) A long and slender stalk resembling a spindle.
(n.) A yarn measure containing, in cotton yarn, 15,120 yards; in linen yarn, 14,400 yards.
(n.) A solid generated by the revolution of a curved line about its base or double ordinate or chord.
(n.) Any marine univalve shell of the genus Rostellaria; -- called also spindle stromb.
(n.) Any marine gastropod of the genus Fusus.
(v. i.) To shoot or grow into a long, slender stalk or body; to become disproportionately tall and slender.
Example Sentences:
(1) A spindle cell sarcoma appeared 20 months after implantation of a pellet of 3-methylcholanthrene in the denervated foreleg of an adult frog, Rana pipiens.
(2) Actin is present in chromosomal spindle fibres, with consistent polarity.
(3) The aim was to clarify the nature of their constituent cells, specifically the giant ganglion-like cells and spindle cells, and to discuss the implications for histogenesis.
(4) Despite severe defects in the 1st or 2nd meiotic spindles in all mutants, no effect on mitosis was observed.
(5) The unsatisfactory smear showed atypical spindle cells.
(6) The cortical thresholds for contraction of m. extensor digitorum communis and for acceleration of the discharges of its muscle spindles have therefore been compared.2.
(7) Out of the remaining 14 cases six tumours consisted of epithelioid cells, one--spindle-shaped and seven were of mixed structure.
(8) Fibroblastic cells were characterized by their spindle shape, content of a mucopolysaccharide, their relative inability to synthesize infectious influenza virus, and production of a cell-associated noninfectious hemagglutinin.
(9) Germinal vesicle stage oocytes undergo perinuclear aggregation of acidic organelles during GVBD and these organelles subsequently disperse into the cell cortex as the first meiotic spindle migrates to the oocyte periphery.
(10) This is the first study identifying the birefringence of the spindle microtubules as well as three sets of microfilamentous structure in Dictyostelium.
(11) In reviewing recent progress concerning the motor system and drug action, the following subjects will be discussed on the basis of our data: 1) the mechanisms of action of mephenesin and baclofen, 2) baclofen and gamma-aminobutyric acid B (GABAB) receptor, 3) GABA-, benzodiazepine receptors, 4) control of spinal motor system by descending noradrenergic neuron, 5) pharmacology of the muscle spindle, and 6) pharmaco-metrics of centrally acting muscle relaxants.
(12) The V79 cells were treated for 30 min and in general, loss of a stainable spindle could be demonstrated at slightly higher concentrations than c-mitosis.
(13) Seven tumours were predominantly of blue and spindle-cell, fascicular type, resembling malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumour and at times monophasic synovial sarcoma.
(14) To our knowledge, peripheral adenocarcinoma of the lung with a spindle-cell component has not been described previously.
(15) H-protein altered the structure of the LMM paracrystals, especially the spindle-shaped ones.
(16) Isolated nuclei from green leaf tissue of tomato plants infected with potato spindle tuber viroid (PSTVd) were bound to microscope slides, fixed with formaldehyde and hybridized with biotinylated transcripts of cloned PSTVd cDNA.
(17) The wire functioned as a spindle along which the distraction of the osteotomized bone fragments was continued.
(18) It is suggested that contracting extrafusal muscle fibres can modulate the discharge pattern of spindle endings and contribute to the variability of discharge during a voluntary contraction.
(19) In the same subject, also the ratio between the number of the muscle spindles found in m. rectus dorsalis and that of m. levator palpebrae superioris was examined.
(20) We tested nine (cadmium chloride, chloral hydrate, colchicine, diazepam, econazole nitrate, hydroquinone, pyrimethamine, thiabendazole, thimerosal) of the 10 known or suspected spindle poisons of the coordinated programme to study aneuploidy induction sponsored by the Commission of the European Communities using Saccharomyces cerevisiae D61.M (mitotic chromosomal malsegregation system).
Spinule
Definition:
(n.) A minute spine.
Example Sentences:
(1) The formation of these spinules is paralleled by the appearance of color opponency in horizontal and ganglion cells, which led to the suggestion that these spinules are the site of the inhibitory synapses in the negative feedback loop between cones and horizontal cells.
(2) Besides, there is an evidence of microphagocytic interactions, particularly between pre- and postsynaptic elements, as shown by the presence of so-called spinules.
(3) The formation of the spinules in the light and their disappearance in darkness have a time course of minutes and are modulated by the neurotransmitters dopamine and glutamate, respectively.
(4) Spinules were expressed in the light when dopamine activity was high and they were retracted when dopamine activity was reduced during darkness.
(5) Increasing intracellular cAMP concentrations by adding a membrane permeable analogue, or by stimulating the adenylate cyclase and simultaneously blocking the degradation of cAMP, resulted in a significant increase of spinule numbers in spite of the absence of light.
(6) Following background illumination cone horizontal cells exhibit high light responsiveness and HCTs give rise to a lot of long, fingerlike or ball-like extensions, called slender or round spinules.
(7) The negative feed-back interaction between horizontal cells (HCs) and cones in the cyprinid fish retina is thought to be mediated by horizontal cell spinules.
(8) We have studied whether prevention of light-dependent spinule formation would indeed affect an S-potential component (the red-sensitive depolarization in H2 horizontal cells), known to depend on such negative feed-back.
(9) Spinules (finger-like extensions of horizontal cell dendrites) have been suggested to mediate these interactions in retinae of teleost fish.
(10) Spinules are especially prominent at around 12 months of age in perforated synapses, and the overall negative curvature of the young junctions is replaced by positively curved junctions from 4 months onwards.
(11) Thus light responsiveness of the cone horizontal cells seems to be well correlated with the number of spinules.
(12) The laterally-positioned dendrites had incompletely formed spinules associated with them.
(13) This component, which we term the synaptic spinule, is found in dendritic spine synapses in rat telencephalon (e.g., hippocampus, caudate nucleus, temporal and frontal cortex).
(14) The spinule-forming effect of phorbol esters is not mediated by dopaminergic neurons, since the effect is also seen in retinas depleted of dopaminergic neurons.
(15) We recently described spine-like protrusions (spinules) from the synaptic terminals of mixed rod-cone (Mb) bipolar cells of goldfish retina that invaginated about 5% of the presynaptic amacrine cell processes (Yazulla and Studholme, J Comp Neurol 310:11, 1991).
(16) 'Perforated' synapses in alcohol-treated animals were abundant, with small spinules displaying different aspects according to the plane of section.
(17) We also describe the first instar in W. magnifica to differentiate it from that belonging to Sarcophaga species, paying special attention to disposition of the cephalopharyngeal skeleton, anterior peritremes, and spinulation on the last 3 segments.
(18) It is speculated that the synaptic spinule may play a role in exchange of material at dendritic spine synaptic junctions.
(19) Second, spinules were sevenfold more frequent after dark adaptation than light adaptation (8% vs. 1.2% of the presynaptic processes were invaginated by spinules).
(20) Coated vesicles are sometimes observed associated with the synaptic spinule; in all such instances they are associated with the presynaptic membrane.