(n.) The exterior part of anything that has length and breadth; one of the limits that bound a solid, esp. the upper face; superficies; the outside; as, the surface of the earth; the surface of a diamond; the surface of the body.
(n.) Hence, outward or external appearance.
(n.) A magnitude that has length and breadth without thickness; superficies; as, a plane surface; a spherical surface.
(n.) That part of the side which is terminated by the flank prolonged, and the angle of the nearest bastion.
(v. t.) To give a surface to; especially, to cause to have a smooth or plain surface; to make smooth or plain.
(v. t.) To work over the surface or soil of, as ground, in hunting for gold.
Example Sentences:
(1) The resulting dose distribution is displayed using traditional 2-dimensional displays or as an isodose surface composited with underlying anatomy and the target volume.
(2) Phospholipid methylation in human EGMs is distinctly different from that in rat EGMs (Hirata and Axelrod 1980) in that the human activity is not Mg++-dependent, and apparent methyltransferase I activity is located in the external membrane surface.
(3) To quantify the size of the lesion in mice, the area of the infarct on the brain surface was assessed planimetrically 48 h after MCA occlusion by transcardial perfusion of carbon black.
(4) Using monoclonal antibodies directed against the plasma membrane of Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells, we demonstrated previously that a glycoprotein with an Mr = 23,000 (gp23) had a non-polarized cell surface distribution and was observed on both the apical and basolateral membranes (Ojakian, G. K., Romain, R. E., and Herz, R. E. (1987) Am.
(5) In the surface epithelial cells, the basolateral cell surface showed moderate enzymatic activity.
(6) Such an increase in antibody binding occurred simultaneously with an increase in the fluidity of surface lipid regions, as monitored by fluorescence depolarization of 1-(trimethylammoniophenyl)-6-phenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene.
(7) The role of Ca2+ in cell agglutination may be either to activate the cell-surface dextran receptor or to form specific intercellular Ca2+ bridges.
(8) The subcellular distribution of sialyltransferase and its product of action, sialic acid, was investigated in the undifferentiated cells of the rat intestinal crypts and compared with the pattern observed in the differentiated cells present in the surface epithelium.
(9) Even with hepatic lipase, phospholipid hydrolysis could not deplete VLDL and IDL of sufficient phospholipid molecules to account for the loss of surface phospholipid that accompanies triacylglycerol hydrolysis and decreasing core volume as LDL is formed (or for conversion of HDL2 to HDL3).
(10) A total of 555 caries lesions were registered on proximal surfaces, 49.1% being primary lesions in the enamel, 21.4% primary lesions into the dentin and 29.5% secondary lesions.
(11) Contact angles of Silafocon A and PMMA were relatively uninfluenced by front surface radii between 7.7 and 8.85 and 7.3 to 8.8 mm, respectively.
(12) These cells contained organelles characteristic of the maturation stage ameloblast and often extended to the enamel surface, suggesting a possible origin from the ameloblast layer.
(13) Together these observations suggest that cytotactin is an endogenous cell surface modulatory protein and provide a possible mechanism whereby cytotactin may contribute to pattern formation during development, regeneration, tumorigenesis, and wound healing.
(14) Our Ph1-positive ALL revealed B-cell lineage leukemia, since their surface phenotype were Ia+ and CD10+ and they have rearranged immunoglobulin JH genes.
(15) The complete nucleotide sequence of the gene for a cell surface protein antigen (SpaA) of Streptococcus sobrinus MT3791 (serotype g) was determined.
(16) To investigate the mechanism of enhanced responsiveness of cholesterol-enriched human platelets, we compared stimulation by surface-membrane-receptor (thrombin) and post-receptor (AlF4-) G-protein-directed pathways.
(17) Lysis of EAC4b,3b cellular intermediates formed to contain a low surface amount of C3b was more inhibited than was lysis of cells formed with a standard amount of C3b on the surface.
(18) After either 5 or 10 days of culture with both cytokines, intense immunofluorescent staining for Ia could be identified on the surface of greater than 80-90% of the viable islet cells.
(19) Within the capillary-perfused mucosa and muscularis (between 50 and 2000 microns from the urothelial surface), concentrations decreased by 50% for each 500-microns distance.
(20) Displacement of the surface of the cornea of bovine eyes after disruption of intact structures was investigated by means of holographic interferometry.
Tabular
Definition:
(a.) Having the form of, or pertaining to, a table (in any of the uses of the word).
(a.) Having a flat surface; as, a tabular rock.
(a.) Formed into a succession of flakes; laminated.
(a.) Set in squares.
(a.) Arranged in a schedule; as, tabular statistics.
(a.) Derived from, or computed by, the use of tables; as, tabular right ascension.
Example Sentences:
(1) Unethical conduct in research can be divided into five categories: 1) falsification of data, in which the researcher manipulates results, provides data without experimentation, or biases the results to give a false impression of their value; 2) failure to credit others (former colleagues, students, associates) for research results or ideas; 3) plagiarism, use of other's published material (ideas, graphs, or tabular data) without permission or credit; 4) conflicts of commitment or interest in which work or ownership in a private firm in some way conflicts or detracts from the duties to the institution they represent or allows private gain through the individual's employment at the institution; 5) biased experimental design or interpretation of data to support public or private groups that have provided financial support for research.
(2) The agent sees greater commerical use in Europe than in the U.S. Analytical methods for determining the bulk chemical are presented tabularly.
(3) Traditional tabular comparisons are focused on contemporary locational policy needs.
(4) Based on general guidelines and requirements for the design and analysis of bioequivalence studies, specific recommendations are made for the presentation of results, both in tabular and graphical form.
(5) Using a tabular format, an attempt is made to provide a facile tool for referencing the literature.
(6) Maps based on these data and other tabular displays of demographic and epidemiologic characteristics of the diseases being tracked are periodically prepared and distributed.
(7) Arylsulfatase activity was evaluated for each stage of development and the results presented in tabular form.
(8) The INQ is a ratio of the nutrient-to-calorie content of foods which may be calculated by computer and printed as bar graphs and tabular data.
(9) It is in order to fight in a "lo-tech war" on a world that is never named, "flying the frosty vortices of air above the vast white islands that were the colliding tabular icebergs".
(10) The principal features of Autospec are simplicity of use, adaptability and flexibility, minimal intervention from the operator, standardized print-outs of all data in tabular and graphic forms, accuracy of computations, speed of operation, and ease of storage and back-up of data files.
(11) The amount of food is presented in tabular form, per day, per meal, per feed, or per tube-feeding with the schedule.
(12) An attempt is made to state the socio-cultural context, the biomedical aspects, general and specific educational objectives, and educational contents of school health education programmes on alcoholism and smoking respectively, and to compare these with each other by juxtaposition in a tabular presentation.
(13) The results of a cross-tabular analysis using disease as the independent variable and presence or absence of LSNs as the dependent, found no differences (chi 2 = 1.06, df = 2).
(14) The dosage rates of the immobilization combinations for mammmals, birds and reptiles are presented in tabular form.
(15) The specific facts for the individual diseases are presented in a tabular format.
(16) Data from a university hospital for 1986-87 are used to illustrate the spreadsheet's tabular and graphic output; version A is used to predict the number of outpatient prescriptions for the next month, and data for the hospital's semiannual expenditures on i.v.
(17) Using a microcomputer-based data-base management system, we have generated graphic and tabular presentations of follow-up, age at time of surgery, best postoperative visual acuity, preoperative and postoperative pathology, and surgical events and complications.
(18) So the dose prescribed (point A) as well as the treatment times and the maximum rectum doses can be given in tabular form.
(19) The relative effectiveness and costs of each setting are examined in a simple tabular display that allows comparison of each program's attainments on each criterion so that alternatives may be ranked according to the extent to which they meet standards and incur costs.
(20) The rate of energy use (or power use) at the gradient generation, leakage, and phosphorylation steps are reported as efficiencies and energy use factors in tabular form.