(n.) The protuberance through which milk is drawn from the udder or breast of a mammal; a nipple; a pap; a mammilla; a dug; a tit.
(n.) A small protuberance or nozzle resembling the teat of an animal.
Example Sentences:
(1) During a single reversal trial of two 2-wk experimental periods, teats of all glands of 12 Holstein cows were subjected to a milking routine conducive to large vacuum fluctuations and flooded teat cups.
(2) A further 26 herds (iiii) which did not employ iodine-containing teat-dips, were also studied.
(3) The mean percentage changes in teat end thickness (relative to the premilking values for individual teats) varied from 10% decrease up to 20% or more increase depending on the particular milking system used.
(4) was apparent when hyperosmotic sucrose was introduced into this teat pouch.6.
(5) Other variables may be associated with host resistance: an increasing percentage of cows leaking milk increased the rate of mastitis; postmilking teat disinfection was associated with a higher incidence of clinical mastitis; and a high frequency of cubicle disinfection was also associated with more mastitis.
(6) Most lesions involve the teat ends and more are observed in the left hind teat than in any of the other teats.
(7) When the PD reached 80-90% of the liner vacuum, the load was just sufficient to occlude the teat canal.
(8) Around the time of milking the plasma oxytocin profile showed a strong response to the preparation for milking, and a further effect releated to the attachment of the teat cups of the milking machine.
(9) 3H-Yohimbine and 3H-rauwolscine, both potent and selective alpha 2-adrenergic antagonists, were used to identify alpha 2-adrenoceptors in smooth muscles of the cistern wall of teats of lactating cows.
(10) When the metal grid was in poor condition, the incidence of teat injuries as well as udder diseases of heifers increased.
(11) Twenty cows and 20 uncalved 20 month old heifers with severely burnt teats were studied.
(12) We postulated earlier that a low ratio of beta 2- to alpha 2-adrenoceptors in teat tissue of fast milking cows probably reflects changes of mainly prejunctional adrenoceptors.
(13) This teat cistern model and the experimental procedure used should be suitable for further studies of the development of local inflammation.
(14) During vaginal stimulation, oxytocin increased transiently in D and more than by teat stimulation in C. This allowed the removal of 75% of milk in D, whereas almost no more milk was available in C. After oxytocin injections, 3 and 16% of residual milk were obtained in C and D respectively.
(15) However, when contact was avoided between the teats and the milking machine, the stimulation of teat alpha-receptors (phenylephrine) did not inhibit milk flow.
(16) The efficacy of an acrylic latex barrier teat dip with germicide on new infections at parturition was tested on 113 cows and heifers during the prepartum period.
(17) Streptococcus agalactiae was eradicated prior to Trial 2 in which the detergent teat dip was compared to a 1% iodophor product of proven efficacy.
(18) The activities of epinephrine (2-6 micrograms) and of norepinephrine (20-60 micrograms) on the relaxation of teat sphincter muscles were compared by measuring milk leakage from the full udder of 5 lactating cows.
(19) Adherence increased from teat sinus to lactiferous sinus to the large ducts, and cells from the lactiferous sinus to the large ducts, and cells from the lactiferous sinus were used for all other experiments.
(20) The abilities of common postmilking teat disinfectant solutions and a teat skin ointment to retard Staphylococcus aureus colonization and promote healing of chapped skin were studied.
Udder
Definition:
(n.) The glandular organ in which milk is secreted and stored; -- popularly called the bag in cows and other quadrupeds. See Mamma.
(n.) One of the breasts of a woman.
Example Sentences:
(1) Skin diseases of the udder include viral infections, mange, sunburn, wounds, and staphylococcal dermatitis.
(2) A limit value of 4.6 per cent has been commonly assumed in literature and proved to be a sound basis for udder health assessment, provided that the given phase of lactation is taken into due consideration (exclusion of cows in the first month post partum as well as of aged milking cows from the seventh month of lactation).
(3) Tests for the purchase of milk on quality must include tests for udder health by regular electronic cell counting of raw milk sources.
(4) The inhibitory activity of the secretions on Streptococcus uberis was determined and the susceptibility of the udder to infection by this organism was tested by intramammary infusion of 250 colony forming units at the above stages.
(5) The transfer of spores via the udder or via the maternal feces led to very similar levels of implantation of spores in the digestive tract of neonates.
(6) Dairy form, rear udder height, and rear udder width had strong to moderate positive genetic correlations with the three production traits.
(7) Although infected cell excretion was restricted to one half of the udder, virus-specific lesions were found in both udder halves.
(8) From the results it is apparent that, on subclinical levels, udder health of dairy cows depends in principle on a variety of conditions, variability in dynamic fluctuations and the balance between persistent, deteriorating and improving health states.
(9) When the metal grid was in poor condition, the incidence of teat injuries as well as udder diseases of heifers increased.
(10) In an 11-mo trial, backflushing was applied to teatcups that milked the right half of the udder; the left half served as control.
(11) Subclinical mastitis is a major problem in udder health control.
(12) After the hour 0 sampling (summer only), one side of the udder of each of 12 ewes (group 1) was milked hourly for 4 h, and the opposite side was milked only at 0 and 4 h. Group 2 ewes were milked only at 0 and 4 h and blood was collected from both groups at 0 h and 4 h. Concentrations of prolactin were correlated in pairs of milk or blood samples from the same ewe and in plasma and milk of ewes in group 2 but not in group 1.
(13) Simultaneous isolation of anaerobic bacteria from udder quarter abscesses and mastitic milk from the same quarter occur in some lactating dairy cows.
(14) Analysis of 448 milk samples (11 herds) from caprine udder halves showed that microorganisms were isolated from 21.8% of the samples.
(15) 1 showed that lamb 30-d weights, ewe weights at breeding time, and udder width at peak lactation were highly correlated with suckled milk yield (r = .81, .75 and .66, respectively).
(16) The level of total lactate dehydrogenase activity in dairy cow milk serum was studied in sets of quarter-udder milks showing different degrees of a positive response to Mastitis test-NK.
(17) The secretory capacity of the udder is thus normally established well before parturition in the mare.
(18) In similar experiments the skim milk derived from whole accumulating in the udder overnight was lower in adenosine triphosphate (14.2 muM) than skim milk from freshly secreted milk (26.0 muM).
(19) No germ growth was established from 9.5 per cent of all samples taken from udder quarters with increased cell counts and conductivities and from 4.1 per cent of those samples taken from intact udder quarters.
(20) Effects of oral administration of 0, 5, 10, or 20 mug of 6 alpha, 9 alpha-difluoro-16alpha-methyl-prednisolone (Flumethasone) daily on milk and milk component yields, udder health reproductive performance, and body weight change were measured.