(n.) A genus of palms, one species of which produces the areca nut, or betel nut, which is chewed in India with the leaf of the Piper Betle and lime.
Example Sentences:
(1) Powdered slaked lime applied to the chewed Areca nut with Piper betle inflorescence at the corner of the mouth causes the mean pH to rise to 10, at which reactive oxygen species are generated from betel quid ingredients in vitro.
(2) Areca nut extract in a dose-dependent manner decreases cell survival, vital dye accumulation, and membrane integrity, and it causes formation of both DNA single strand breaks and DNA protein cross-links.
(3) Among cases, 98% chewed areca nut regularly in one form or the other whereas among controls 35% chewed areca nut, giving an overall relative risk of 109.6.
(4) Areca cattechu Linn is commonly known as areca nut or betel nut.
(5) Taken together, the observed pathobiological effects of areca-nut extract and certain related compounds in cultured human buccal epithelial cells indicate that these agents may contribute to the oral carcinogenicity associated with chewing betel quid.
(6) Only unprocessed areca nuts (R-UP-SD, R-UP-SD-WS and R-UP-UD-WS), at high doses, displayed a very weak carcinogenicity.
(7) We have evaluated the carcinogenicity of different preparations of areca nut: ripe-unprocessed-sundried nut (R-UP-SD), ripe-processed-sundried nut (R-P-SD), unripe-processed-sundried nut (UR-P-SD), ripe-unprocessed-sundried-water-soaked nut (R-UP-SD-WS) and ripe-unprocessed-undried-water-soaked nut (R-UP-UD-WS) in mice following diet-feeding or oral feeding for 12 months.
(8) The petroleum ether, alcoholic, and aqueous extracts of 5 indigenous plants, known to have antifertility activity in female rats and mice (Areca catechu Linn, Carica papaya Linn, Daucus carota Linn, Mentha arvensis Linn and polygonum hydropiper Linn), were evaluated for their possible antiovulatory activity in rabbits with copper-induced ovulation.
(9) A link between the generation of areca nut-related N-nitrosamines in the saliva, the induction of genotoxic damage in the oral mucosa, as judged by an increase in micronucleated exfoliated cells (MEC), and a low incidence of oral cancer was studied in 2 population groups characterized by their habit of chewing quids without tobacco: Guamanians, who chew areca nuts (Areca catechu) with or without the addition of betel leaf (Piper betle); Taiwanese, who use areca nut, betel leaf or inference and slaked lime.
(10) Although the decrease in the incidence in the intervention cohort was not statistically significant due to small number of cases, the results underscored the causal role of areca nut chewing and indicated the potential for primary prevention of oral submucous fibrosis.
(11) A TLC-densitometric method for the determination of arecoline in Semen Arecae (Areca catechu) was established, and arecoline content in three Semen Arecae (Imported, Hainan, Guanzhou) was determined.
(12) It is shown that there exists a correlationship between betel quid or areca nut chewing habit and oral cancer.
(13) The free calcium hydroxide content and pH of 25 lime samples were highly correlated with the generation of reactive oxygen species from areca nut extract in vitro, and DNA damage in vitro, measured as 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine.
(14) The results also imply that, besides arecoline, there may be some other water-extractable substances in the areca nut that make the extract more genotoxic.
(15) The Areca-derived 3-(methylnitrosamino)propionitrile (MNPN) was tested for its tumor initiating activity on mouse skin and for its tumorigenic potential in the oral mucosa of rats.
(16) Mixtures of 75-150 g areca nuts and 50-100 g pumpkin seeds were judged effective and safe.
(17) In one, used mainly by aborigines, fresh areca nut was simply wrapped with betel leaf and in another, popular mainly among Chinese, a lengthwise piece of betel fruit and lime paste was sandwiched between two halves of an areca nut.
(18) Finally, the genotoxicity of the salivary areca-nut-specific carcinogen 3-(N-nitrosomethyl-amino)propionaldehyde, was demonstrated by the formation of DNA protein cross-links and DNA single-strand breaks in normal buccal epithelial cells.
(19) Because of its origin and partially transformed phenotype, DOK presents an opportunity to study whether specific carcinogens associated with tobacco and areca nut can cause malignant transformation of oral keratinocytes in vitro.
(20) Then, they report on the three main basic components: Piper betle L. leaf, Areca catechu nut, and slaked lime.
Arena
Definition:
(n.) The area in the central part of an amphitheater, in which the gladiators fought and other shows were exhibited; -- so called because it was covered with sand.
(n.) Any place of public contest or exertion; any sphere of action; as, the arenaof debate; the arena of life.
(n.) "Sand" or "gravel" in the kidneys.
Example Sentences:
(1) At the trial Arena admitted involvement in criminal activity, but insisted he was innocent of the murders.
(2) This "gender identity movement" has brought together such unlikely collaborators as surgeons, endocrinologists, psychologists, psychiatrists, gynecologists, and research specialists into a mutually rewarding arena.
(3) I first saw them live at the location of the terror attack, Manchester Arena – then the MEN – aged 15, a teen at a gig with my friends, as many of the Grande’s fans were.
(4) Arena's final April issue goes on sale next Thursday, 12 March.
(5) Joe Gregory, parked outside the arena while waiting to pick up his girlfriend and her sister from the concert, captured its impact on his car’s dashcam.
(6) Scaf criticised the Muslim Brotherhood for its premature announcement of the results and stated it was "one of the main causes of division and confusion prevailing the political arena".
(7) With gratitude and rejoice, we commemorate the return to International arena.
(8) Flank marks, attacks, bites, and retreats were scored over a 15 min test period during which steroid-injected animals were paired in a neutral arena with vehicle-injected conspecifics.
(9) Flats by the basketball arena, which will be the site of the first ‘legacy neighbourhood’, Chobham Manor.
(10) Despite her own success in that arena arriving seemingly overnight, Debicki rarely sets foot in LA.
(11) The Senate refused to agree to this, but did agree to a $430m cut to the Arena budget.
(12) It followed the quiet death last month of Arena, which expired due to old age and lack of personality.
(13) Prince began ambushing fans in February this year, playing his first big shows since 1995 as he took over arenas in Birmingham, Manchester, Glasgow and Leeds as well as intimate venues in London and Manchester.
(14) In 2004, fewer than 100,000 tickets were sold for arena standup gigs.
(15) Celebrities from Justin Bieber to Spike Lee were on hand for the opening of a spectacle that mixes circus tricks with the music of the late King of Pop – a pairing that has already proved lucrative for Cirque on the road with the arena show, Michael Jackson: The Immortal World Tour .
(16) They were crestfallen at the end, Van Buyten departing the arena close to tears with this surely the 36-year-old’s last involvement at a major finals.
(17) A retrospective evaluation of 136 newborns treated with mechanical ventilation between 1983 and 1989 at the chilean's southernmost regional hospital of Punta Arenas is presented.
(18) Bayern's director of sport, Matthias Sammer, had earlier played down reports suggesting that Thiago was heading to the Allianz Arena.
(19) As a result, the procedure, on ethical grounds, has a small place in the arena of family planning.
(20) To use a slightly dodgy analogy, standing one's moral ground in the midst of free-market capitalism might be a delusion akin to the idea of Socialism In One Country: if you believe in the usual left-liberal bundle of causes, politics is probably the best arena to pursue them, rather than fixating on what you do with your money.