(n.) A species of pepper (Piper betle), the leaves of which are chewed, with the areca or betel nut and a little shell lime, by the inhabitants of the East Indies. It is a woody climber with ovate many-nerved leaves.
Example Sentences:
(1) Epidemiologists need to conduct studies to determine if there is an increased likelihood of developing cancer in betel chewing pregnant women and OC users due to increased sensitivity of their lymphocytes to genetic damage compared with nonchewing pregnant women and OC users.
(2) Boric acid, propionic acid and potassium metabisulphite were used for the control of aflatoxin B1 on betel nuts.
(3) The results suggest that formation of reactive oxygen species in the presence of NNN may be a key factor in the initiation of oral tumours in tobacco and betel-quid chewers.
(4) Betel leaf extract at the dose levels used in the present study did not affect the body weight gain among rats.
(5) It was found that among the betel chewers as well as the non betels chewers., the highest caries susceptibility was in the age group of 20-34 years.
(6) Powdered slaked lime applied to the chewed Areca nut with Piper betle inflorescence at the corner of the mouth causes the mean pH to rise to 10, at which reactive oxygen species are generated from betel quid ingredients in vitro.
(7) Moreover both the extracts of betel leaf reduce the mutagenicity of benzo(a)pyrene and dimethylbenzanthracene.
(8) Areca cattechu Linn is commonly known as areca nut or betel nut.
(9) The effect of betel leaf extract and some of its constituents, eugenol, hydroxychavicol, beta-carotene and alpha-tocopherol, on benzo[a]pyrene-induced forestomach neoplasia in male Swiss mice was examined.
(10) The frequency of micronucleated cells (MNC) derived from exfoliated human oral mucosal cells has been measured to assess genotoxic damage in chewers of betel quid with tobacco (BQT) and tobacco with lime (T).
(11) Of seven sources, Banarasi betel leaves showed the maximum amounts of beta-carotene and alpha-tocopherol.
(12) Taken together, the observed pathobiological effects of areca-nut extract and certain related compounds in cultured human buccal epithelial cells indicate that these agents may contribute to the oral carcinogenicity associated with chewing betel quid.
(13) The elevation of MEC in Taiwanese, who are at low risk for oral cancer, is relatively small as compared to that found in chewers of Indian betel quids (pan), who show a highly elevated oral cancer risk.
(14) There is a need for more active and culturally appropriate health education programs to help prevent the negative effects of betel-nut chewing.
(15) DMSO extract of a mixture of tobacco and betel nut positively increased the incidence of early malignant changes in the hamster cheek pouch, indicating the enhancing effect of betel nut in carcinogenesis.
(16) A link between the generation of areca nut-related N-nitrosamines in the saliva, the induction of genotoxic damage in the oral mucosa, as judged by an increase in micronucleated exfoliated cells (MEC), and a low incidence of oral cancer was studied in 2 population groups characterized by their habit of chewing quids without tobacco: Guamanians, who chew areca nuts (Areca catechu) with or without the addition of betel leaf (Piper betle); Taiwanese, who use areca nut, betel leaf or inference and slaked lime.
(17) In addition, she had discontinued chewing betel nut that was used daily by virtually all of her fellow islanders on Yap.
(18) Arecoline, a major betel nut alkaloid, was tested for its effectiveness in inducing micronuclei in fetal mouse blood after transplacental exposure late in the gestation period.
(19) "Municipal officers used to come and demand bribes every month from all the street shops and vendors; I would curse them under my breath but used to pay," said Tara Kant Jha, 46, a street vendor who sells cigarettes and betel leaves – used like chewing tobacco.
(20) (3) Formation of endogenous NOC was assessed by the NPRO test in: (i) subjects living in high- and low-incidence areas for stomach cancer in northern Japan, Costa Rica and Poland; (ii) subjects with different habits of betel-quid chewing and tobacco use; (iii) patients with urinary bladder infections; and (iv) subjects infested with liver fluke in Thailand.
Bethel
Definition:
(n.) A place of worship; a hallowed spot.
(n.) A chapel for dissenters.
(n.) A house of worship for seamen.
Example Sentences:
(1) Changes in infant mortality reflect the increased availability of health care in this region, improved immunization programs, and the establishment of the Bethel Prematernal Home in Bethel, AK.
(2) The strategy was "posh people standing in the way of working-class people getting jobs," said Bethell.
(3) The funeral, held at Bethel Baptist church in Brooklyn, drew a large crowd of mourners and speakers, including the Rev Al Sharpton, who called on the community to fight for justice for Garner’s family.
(4) We have good evidence that certain behaviours – scratching or fidgeting – is an indicator of anxiety, and in certain zoos those behaviours increase in frequency as visitor numbers go up and they get more noisy.” According to Dr Emily Bethell, senior lecturer in primate behaviour at Liverpool John Moores University , the fact a captive gorilla was charging at the glass, banging on objects or throwing objects did not necessarily mean it was unhappy, since this was classic “display” behaviour designed to assert his dominance.
(5) The author, agent of advanced training, reports--on the background of ten years organisationel development in a large psychiatric institution (Bethel)--his experiences under the special view of training therapists of all kind, mainly nonacademic personel.
(6) A funeral for Garner, who went by the nickname Big E, will be held on Wednesday at the Bethel Baptist Church in Brooklyn.
(7) They said … ‘We’re just going to let you go,’” said Bethell.
(8) They asked me how angry people are and what’s the atmosphere like,” Bethell recalled.
(9) The ability of parasites to change the behavior of infected hosts has been documented and reviewed by a number of different authors (Holmes and Bethel, 1972; Moore, 1984a).
(10) My billet, the Norwegian-built guest house at the Bethel Synod church, was probably the dirtiest, bleakest and most ill-kempt building in which I have ever rested my head.
(11) During the period 1957-1964, 69 cases of purulent meningitis were treated at the U.S. Public Health Service Hospital in Bethel, Alaska, a 65-bed facility serving about 10,000 Eskimos and Indians in the remote Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta area.
(12) Stimulus complexity effects decreased with practice, consistent with Bethell-Fox and Shepard (1988).
(13) People were saying, ‘If you stay in the building, you’re dead,’” recalled Todd Bethell, a 50-year-old San Diego, California resident who said he had arrived to the refuge this week.
(14) Between July 1, 1971, and June 30, 1974, thirty-nine cases of bacterial meningitis were diagnosed at the Alaska Native Health Service Hospital at Bethel, Alaska.
(15) In early 2011, lobbyist James Bethell of Westbourne Communications was parachuted in to rescue the £43bn project, which had initially been sold by ministers on the marginal benefits to a few commuters.
(16) It’s pretty straightforward.” Todd Bethell, a 50-year-old resident of San Diego, California, who arrived at the refuge on Monday, said that law enforcement allowed him to leave early on Wednesday morning in the middle of the night.
(17) Certainly, Bethell said, the animal’s “escape” – a word keepers were resisting at the attraction on Friday, insisting it was “a very small incident” – was likely to be accidental rather than anything premeditated.
(18) Bethell, who live-streamed some of his experiences on Tuesday night, said that he was eager to get out after news spread about the arrests and fatal shooting.