(n.) A species of pepper (Piper betle), the leaves of which are chewed, with the areca or betel nut and a little shell lime, by the inhabitants of the East Indies. It is a woody climber with ovate many-nerved leaves.
Example Sentences:
(1) Epidemiologists need to conduct studies to determine if there is an increased likelihood of developing cancer in betel chewing pregnant women and OC users due to increased sensitivity of their lymphocytes to genetic damage compared with nonchewing pregnant women and OC users.
(2) Boric acid, propionic acid and potassium metabisulphite were used for the control of aflatoxin B1 on betel nuts.
(3) The results suggest that formation of reactive oxygen species in the presence of NNN may be a key factor in the initiation of oral tumours in tobacco and betel-quid chewers.
(4) Betel leaf extract at the dose levels used in the present study did not affect the body weight gain among rats.
(5) It was found that among the betel chewers as well as the non betels chewers., the highest caries susceptibility was in the age group of 20-34 years.
(6) Powdered slaked lime applied to the chewed Areca nut with Piper betle inflorescence at the corner of the mouth causes the mean pH to rise to 10, at which reactive oxygen species are generated from betel quid ingredients in vitro.
(7) Moreover both the extracts of betel leaf reduce the mutagenicity of benzo(a)pyrene and dimethylbenzanthracene.
(8) Areca cattechu Linn is commonly known as areca nut or betel nut.
(9) The effect of betel leaf extract and some of its constituents, eugenol, hydroxychavicol, beta-carotene and alpha-tocopherol, on benzo[a]pyrene-induced forestomach neoplasia in male Swiss mice was examined.
(10) The frequency of micronucleated cells (MNC) derived from exfoliated human oral mucosal cells has been measured to assess genotoxic damage in chewers of betel quid with tobacco (BQT) and tobacco with lime (T).
(11) Of seven sources, Banarasi betel leaves showed the maximum amounts of beta-carotene and alpha-tocopherol.
(12) Taken together, the observed pathobiological effects of areca-nut extract and certain related compounds in cultured human buccal epithelial cells indicate that these agents may contribute to the oral carcinogenicity associated with chewing betel quid.
(13) The elevation of MEC in Taiwanese, who are at low risk for oral cancer, is relatively small as compared to that found in chewers of Indian betel quids (pan), who show a highly elevated oral cancer risk.
(14) There is a need for more active and culturally appropriate health education programs to help prevent the negative effects of betel-nut chewing.
(15) DMSO extract of a mixture of tobacco and betel nut positively increased the incidence of early malignant changes in the hamster cheek pouch, indicating the enhancing effect of betel nut in carcinogenesis.
(16) A link between the generation of areca nut-related N-nitrosamines in the saliva, the induction of genotoxic damage in the oral mucosa, as judged by an increase in micronucleated exfoliated cells (MEC), and a low incidence of oral cancer was studied in 2 population groups characterized by their habit of chewing quids without tobacco: Guamanians, who chew areca nuts (Areca catechu) with or without the addition of betel leaf (Piper betle); Taiwanese, who use areca nut, betel leaf or inference and slaked lime.
(17) In addition, she had discontinued chewing betel nut that was used daily by virtually all of her fellow islanders on Yap.
(18) Arecoline, a major betel nut alkaloid, was tested for its effectiveness in inducing micronuclei in fetal mouse blood after transplacental exposure late in the gestation period.
(19) "Municipal officers used to come and demand bribes every month from all the street shops and vendors; I would curse them under my breath but used to pay," said Tara Kant Jha, 46, a street vendor who sells cigarettes and betel leaves – used like chewing tobacco.
(20) (3) Formation of endogenous NOC was assessed by the NPRO test in: (i) subjects living in high- and low-incidence areas for stomach cancer in northern Japan, Costa Rica and Poland; (ii) subjects with different habits of betel-quid chewing and tobacco use; (iii) patients with urinary bladder infections; and (iv) subjects infested with liver fluke in Thailand.
Evergreen
Definition:
(a.) Remaining unwithered through the winter, or retaining unwithered leaves until the leaves of the next year are expanded, as pines cedars, hemlocks, and the like.
(n.) An evergreen plant.
(n.) Twigs and branches of evergreen plants used for decoration.
Example Sentences:
(1) Hopefully there can be some really great performances which will try to blow away the shadow that programme has caused.” But Kilty will face a strong field in the men’s 100m that includes five athletes who have gone under the 10 second barrier in 2015, including the Frenchman Jimmy Vicaut, the American Mike Rodgers and the evergreen Kim Collins.
(2) C. minuticornis was found in these and in tropical evergreen and semi-evergreen rain forests of S. Thailand and N.W.
(3) A popular theme in Shin's films - not unlike the Hollywood weepies of the 1950s - concerns the plight of women chafing under the limits of society's expectations, such as The Evergreen Tree (1961), in which Choi played a reform-minded woman struggling against provincialism to teach rural children how to read and write.
(4) riversi was confined to evergreen forest and its adjacent area.
(5) Presently, taxol is derived from the bark of the Pacific yew, Taxus brevifolia, a small, slow-growing evergreen tree native to the northwestern United States.
(6) The three greatest concerns for Australia in the recent draft include provisions that would further entrench secondary patenting and evergreening, lock in extensions to patent terms, and extend monopoly rights over clinical trial data for certain medicines.” The lead author of the report and a public health lecturer at La Trobe University, Dr Deborah Gleeson, said the consequence was the extra cost of medicines could get passed on to the consumer through increasing the co-payment on government-subsidised drugs, or by restricting access to expensive drugs to those who could afford them.
(7) Her pragmatism is unusual, but then Liu is director of Evergreen, a state-owned old people's home in north Beijing.
(8) But the Evergreen State is not known for its clear days; rain and fog are persistent here year round.
(9) From the sociopathic capitalist machine by way of Mr Burns and the relentless religious optimism of Ned Flanders to the working-class, tense but sometimes faux-sexual interracial relationship between Lenny and Carl, for anyone that wants to look at America under a comedy microscope, you have to start with 742 Evergreen Terrace.
(10) Efforts to prevent sporotrichosis among persons handling evergreen seedlings should include the use of alternate types of packing material (e.g., cedar wood chips or shredded paper) and protective clothing such as gloves and long-sleeved shirts.
(11) It seems impossible – surely she was ageless, like one of those very old, tiny, trees in the Arctic, gnarled and tough as a nut, but nonetheless evergreen.
(12) The evergreen Churchill Arms on Kensington Church Street becomes one enormous conifer each December.
(13) Minnelli has been out of fashion for a while, despite having directed – alongside Meet Me In St Louis – some of the truly evergreen musicals of the middle 20th century, especially at MGM under Arthur Freed.
(14) Stephanie Coontz, a faculty member at the Evergreen State College in Washington state and a frequent contributor to publications including the New York Times, agrees, saying that writing for the public forces researchers to work in unfamiliar ways.
(15) Evergreen striker Paul Ifill, playing his 100th game for the Phoenix, provided an injection of pace and guile when he came on after 65 minutes but, although opportunities were created, the finishing wasn't there.
(16) The antimicrobial activities of seven Epicoccum purpurascens strains isolated either from evergreen oak leaves (Quercus ilex) collected over a period of one year, or from the atmosphere were compared in vitro.
(17) 66,000), central Finland, was carried out in 1990 as part of the EVERGREEN-project.
(18) But even if you can afford Evergreen's fees of up to 5,100 yuan (£510) each month, it has just 600 beds, and a waiting list of 1,300.
(19) Evergreening could delay generic competition for up to 20 years, the report found.
(20) While, for many, work might become redundant, its value and the virtues it can cultivate are evergreen.