(n.) A species of pepper (Piper betle), the leaves of which are chewed, with the areca or betel nut and a little shell lime, by the inhabitants of the East Indies. It is a woody climber with ovate many-nerved leaves.
Example Sentences:
(1) Epidemiologists need to conduct studies to determine if there is an increased likelihood of developing cancer in betel chewing pregnant women and OC users due to increased sensitivity of their lymphocytes to genetic damage compared with nonchewing pregnant women and OC users.
(2) Boric acid, propionic acid and potassium metabisulphite were used for the control of aflatoxin B1 on betel nuts.
(3) The results suggest that formation of reactive oxygen species in the presence of NNN may be a key factor in the initiation of oral tumours in tobacco and betel-quid chewers.
(4) Betel leaf extract at the dose levels used in the present study did not affect the body weight gain among rats.
(5) It was found that among the betel chewers as well as the non betels chewers., the highest caries susceptibility was in the age group of 20-34 years.
(6) Powdered slaked lime applied to the chewed Areca nut with Piper betle inflorescence at the corner of the mouth causes the mean pH to rise to 10, at which reactive oxygen species are generated from betel quid ingredients in vitro.
(7) Moreover both the extracts of betel leaf reduce the mutagenicity of benzo(a)pyrene and dimethylbenzanthracene.
(8) Areca cattechu Linn is commonly known as areca nut or betel nut.
(9) The effect of betel leaf extract and some of its constituents, eugenol, hydroxychavicol, beta-carotene and alpha-tocopherol, on benzo[a]pyrene-induced forestomach neoplasia in male Swiss mice was examined.
(10) The frequency of micronucleated cells (MNC) derived from exfoliated human oral mucosal cells has been measured to assess genotoxic damage in chewers of betel quid with tobacco (BQT) and tobacco with lime (T).
(11) Of seven sources, Banarasi betel leaves showed the maximum amounts of beta-carotene and alpha-tocopherol.
(12) Taken together, the observed pathobiological effects of areca-nut extract and certain related compounds in cultured human buccal epithelial cells indicate that these agents may contribute to the oral carcinogenicity associated with chewing betel quid.
(13) The elevation of MEC in Taiwanese, who are at low risk for oral cancer, is relatively small as compared to that found in chewers of Indian betel quids (pan), who show a highly elevated oral cancer risk.
(14) There is a need for more active and culturally appropriate health education programs to help prevent the negative effects of betel-nut chewing.
(15) DMSO extract of a mixture of tobacco and betel nut positively increased the incidence of early malignant changes in the hamster cheek pouch, indicating the enhancing effect of betel nut in carcinogenesis.
(16) A link between the generation of areca nut-related N-nitrosamines in the saliva, the induction of genotoxic damage in the oral mucosa, as judged by an increase in micronucleated exfoliated cells (MEC), and a low incidence of oral cancer was studied in 2 population groups characterized by their habit of chewing quids without tobacco: Guamanians, who chew areca nuts (Areca catechu) with or without the addition of betel leaf (Piper betle); Taiwanese, who use areca nut, betel leaf or inference and slaked lime.
(17) In addition, she had discontinued chewing betel nut that was used daily by virtually all of her fellow islanders on Yap.
(18) Arecoline, a major betel nut alkaloid, was tested for its effectiveness in inducing micronuclei in fetal mouse blood after transplacental exposure late in the gestation period.
(19) "Municipal officers used to come and demand bribes every month from all the street shops and vendors; I would curse them under my breath but used to pay," said Tara Kant Jha, 46, a street vendor who sells cigarettes and betel leaves – used like chewing tobacco.
(20) (3) Formation of endogenous NOC was assessed by the NPRO test in: (i) subjects living in high- and low-incidence areas for stomach cancer in northern Japan, Costa Rica and Poland; (ii) subjects with different habits of betel-quid chewing and tobacco use; (iii) patients with urinary bladder infections; and (iv) subjects infested with liver fluke in Thailand.
Indian
Definition:
(a.) Of or pertaining to India proper; also to the East Indies, or, sometimes, to the West Indies.
(a.) Of or pertaining to the aborigines, or Indians, of America; as, Indian wars; the Indian tomahawk.
(a.) Made of maize or Indian corn; as, Indian corn, Indian meal, Indian bread, and the like.
(n.) A native or inhabitant of India.
(n.) One of the aboriginal inhabitants of America; -- so called originally from the supposed identity of America with India.
Example Sentences:
(1) The rise of malaria despite of control measures involves several factors: the house spraying is no more accepted by a large percentage of house holders and the alternative larviciding has only a limited efficacy; the houses of American Indians have no walls to be sprayed; there is a continuous introduction of parasites by migrants.
(2) Overall length of stay found in this study (14.02 days) is considerably higher than Indian optimum.
(3) Hemoglobin British Columbia was found in an East Indian living in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
(4) Abnormal albuminuria at levels not reliably detected by the usual dipstick methods was commonly observed in Pima Indians with diabetes, even those with diabetes of recent onset.
(5) The organisation initially focused on education, funding the Indian company BYJU’s, which helps students learn maths and science, and the Nigerian company Andela, which trains African software developers.
(6) In his notorious 1835 Minute on Education , Lord Macaulay articulated the classic reason for teaching English, but only to a small minority of Indians: “We must do our best to form a class who may be interpreters between us and the millions whom we govern; a class of persons, Indians in blood and colour, but English in taste, in opinions, in morals and in intellect.” The language was taught to a few to serve as intermediaries between the rulers and the ruled.
(7) The relationships of birth weight and maternal diabetes to the development of obesity were examined at 5-19 yr of age in the offspring of Pima Indian women.
(8) The papilla incisiva of the Japanese children were a little larger than those of the Indians.
(9) n. from the body cavity of Scomber scombrus from the Indian ocean is described.
(10) The majority of the patients were Chinese (78.0%), followed by Malays (11.5%), Indians (8.1%) and other minority races (2.4%).
(11) According to the International Energy Agency, 147m Indians will remain without electricity into 2030 under a business as usual scenario emphasising coal.
(12) UPDATE II [Tues.] Two other items that may be of interest: first, Guardian editor-in-chief Alan Rusbridger was the guest for the full hour yesterday on Democracy Now, discussing the paper's role in reporting the NSA stories, and the video and transcript of the interview are here ; second, marking our collaboration on a series of articles about spying on Indians, the Hindu has a long interview with me on a variety of related topics, here .
(13) Indian women are aware of our tenuous grip on our rights.
(14) In a BBC Radio 4 performance that attempts to underline his status as a normal bloke – although he admits he was too "square" to attract a girlfriend at university – Miliband's luxury item is a weekly chicken tikka masala from his local north London Indian takeaway.
(15) While winds gusting to 170mph caused significant damage, the devastation in areas such as Tacloban – where scenes are reminiscent of the 2004 Indian ocean tsunami – was principally the work of the 6-metre-high storm surge, which carried away even the concrete buildings in which many people sought shelter.
(16) Theresa May to visit India in signal of trading priorities post-Brexit Read more Cable said India had been keen to expand “ Mode 4 ” market access: the ability to bring in staff – Indian IT experts, for example – as part of trading in services.
(17) A recent report indicated that an arrow poison used by the native Indians of Rondonia, Brazil, to kill small animals was associated with profuse bleeding.
(18) Massive protests in the 1990s by Indian, Latin American and south-east Asian peasant farmers, indigenous groups and their supporters put the companies on the back foot, and they were reluctantly forced to shelve the technology after the UN called for a de-facto moratorium in 2000.
(19) Lord Foster, the architect, who was ennobled in 1999, and Lord Bagri, the Indian metal magnate, resigned last night.
(20) Fifty-six (92%) of patients dying from pulmonary embolism were of African descent while 5 (8%) were of East Indian descent.