(n.) Mineral pitch; a black, tarry substance, burning with a bright flame; Jew's pitch. It occurs as an abundant natural product in many places, as on the shores of the Dead and Caspian Seas. It is used in cements, in the construction of pavements, etc. See Asphalt.
(n.) By extension, any one of the natural hydrocarbons, including the hard, solid, brittle varieties called asphalt, the semisolid maltha and mineral tars, the oily petroleums, and even the light, volatile naphthas.
Example Sentences:
(1) Tar bitumens are classifiable as the pyrolysis products of organic materials and are applied hot.
(2) The tests of bitumen, chlorcaoutchouc, asbestos cement and polyacryl delivered results comparable to those achieved under working conditions.
(3) Did these donations have anything to do with the investigation found, Clinton’s State Department approving the Alberta Clipper , a controversial pipeline carrying large amounts of tar-sands bitumen from Alberta to Wisconsin?
(4) There is also oil company interest in shale deposits at 10 locations in Morocco, two in Egypt as well as a "bitumen belt" in Nigeria which is already suffering major environmental damage from oil spills in the delta and the flaring of excess gas.
(5) But the huge amounts of water and solvents needed to extract oil from bitumen dramatically boost greenhouse gas output and, on latest production forecasts, will increase Canada’s CO2 emissions by 56 megatonnes by 2020 .
(6) The primary task is to ascertain whether tar bitumen can be replaced as a binder in paving for roads and what safety measures are practicable.
(7) Even plastics and bitumen which were used in the sphere of drinking water showed after an exposure time of three months up to 192 ml slime per square meter.
(8) The acute toxicity of three materials derived from Athabasca Oil Sands--(1) bitumen plus naphtha, (2) untreated naphtha (0-250 degrees C) and (3) synthetic crude oil (0-500 degrees C)--was assessed in a battery of tests.
(9) The relation of carbohydrate and protein content significantly changed from 2 at the beginning to 30 after 12 months of incubation the bitumen coating test plates.
(10) Since the bitumen-derived streams do not differ substantially in carcinogenic potency from petroleum-derived materials of comparable boiling range and process history, industrial hygiene practices which limit exposures to levels comparable to those observed in the petroleum-refining industry should provide similar measures of protection.
(11) Biological monitoring of exposure to bitumen fumes during road-paving operations was carried out.
(12) The exposure of sixteen road workers to bitumen fumes was studied.
(13) Time-weighted average values of bitumen fumes were determined by personal samplers.
(14) Mineral water and bitumen fraction induced an increase of the enzyme activity by 23, 20 and 45%, respectively.
(15) Bitumen plus naphtha administered at a concentration of 1.46 mg l-1 did not cause mortality in exposed rats or mice.
(16) A 2010 analysis by Accufacts Inc., an energy consulting firm that focuses on pipelines, identified Koch's Corpus Christi plant as one of 22 Gulf Coast refineries—out of more than 50—that is now capable of refining "a significant volume of blended bitumen," the type of crude that would flow through the Keystone XL.
(17) The village's fishing creek is contaminated; the school has been looted; the mangrove forests are coated in bitumen and everyone has left, refugees from a place blighted by the exploitation of the region's most valuable asset: crude oil.
(18) If the oil finds its way into those waters, the heavy tar sands bitumen will create a submerged disaster requiring a cleanup effort far above and beyond conventional responses.
(19) The carcinogenic potential of Athabasca tar sands and six experimental liquids derived from crude bitumen was evaluated utilizing the mouse epidermal carcinogenesis model.
(20) In the laboratory technique they have been using the American PIN-DEX system of pull-out necks, modelling of buttress construction without relief and together with the construction, in addition to ceramic facet making to chemical facet-making by means of composite bitumen made by KULZER, trade mark DENTACOLOR XS, which polymerize in Ultraviolet light.
Brittle
Definition:
(a.) Easily broken; apt to break; fragile; not tough or tenacious.
Example Sentences:
(1) This method ensures the good preservation of spatial relations between bone elements essential for studies of fossil bones, which are sometimes very brittle.
(2) Ultrastructural studies of Aeromonas hydrophila strain AH26 revealed two distinctive pilus types: "straight" pili appear as brittle, rod-like filaments, whereas "flexible" pili are supple and curvilinear.
(3) Three sibs, a boy and two girls, born to Moroccan consanguineous parents, were affected with a syndrome characterized by brittle hair, mental retardation, short stature, ataxia, and gonadal dysfunction.
(4) In this prospective study the incidence and severity of hypoglycaemia were evaluated in 10 type I brittle diabetic patients under conventional treatment (period A), then under chronic treatment with CSII for at least 1 year (period B: the first 3 months; period C: the last 3 months).
(5) Only few reports exist about the occurrence of brittle nails.
(6) Trichothiodystrophy (TTD) is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by brittle hair with reduced sulfur content, ichthyosis, peculiar face, and mental and physical retardation.
(7) The hooves of biotin-deficient swine are weak, brittle, and often necrotic.
(8) The coterie around the prime minister brought their conflict addiction, their brittle tribalism and their self-reinforcing insularity into government.
(9) Nigeria's oil pipelines are battleground for brittle democracy Read more In addition Nigeria’s ethnic, geographic, and religious differences can prove explosive, and it’s unlikely that Buhari – a Muslim from northern Nigeria – will treat the southern Christian Niger Delta militants differently to the Islamic Boko Haram , who this week declared their allegiance to Isis.
(10) We present a young man with Mediterranean type glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency and insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus whose brittle course was characterized by recurrent bouts of hypoglycemia and diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA).
(11) Saudi Arabia had been vehemently opposed to Aoun’s nomination, fearing he will consolidate Iran’s influence on the brittle state, which has remained vulnerable state since the end of its destructive civil war 25 years ago.
(12) The glycemic control of 11 brittle diabetics is improved during the 5 days after a 24 hour connection with the AEP.
(13) One patient with brittle juvenile-onset diabetes had successful control before, during, and after cesarean section.
(14) Holland are favourites, primarily because of their inventive forward players – with Wesley Scheijder in refulgent form and brittle Arjen Robben and Robin Van Persie set to make a record two consecutive starts, the Uruguayan defence will surely be stretched ….
(15) Detection of low-sulfur brittle hair syndrome is also important for genetic counseling because the disease appears to be inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern.
(16) The tricho-rhino-phalangeal syndrome (TRPS) is a rare congenital disorder, characterized by (1) a peculiar and somewhat pear-shaped nose, (2) sparse and brittle scalp hair, and (3) radiographic evidence of cone-shaped epiphyses of the hands.
(17) No problems related to stent migration or brittleness have been encountered.
(18) This decrease in the SRS index has been explained in terms of the relative amounts of strain-hardened material produced as milling severity increased, resulting in an increasing resistance to deformation and thus an apparent increase in brittle behaviour as particle size decreased.
(19) Osteogenesis imperfecta (OGI) is a rare genetic disease which, as a result of a disorder in the formation of the organic stroma of the bone due to a defect in osteogenic function, induces brittle bones, whereby only weak forces bring about multiple, repeated pathological fractures.
(20) He is never going to outdo José Mourinho when it comes to confrontation, brittle one-liners and media positioning – the Chelsea manager is simply too well-practised – but his team reminded everyone here why they are such formidable opponents, and that is always the best way to win these arguments.